ivmМеждународный вестник ветеринарииInternational Journal of Veterinary Medicine2072-2419SpbGUVM Publishing House10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.3.25ivm-1138Research ArticleАКУШЕРСТВО, ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯOBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGYСравнительная эффективность криозащитных разбавителей для семени петуховComparative effectiveness of cryoprotective diluents for rooster seedСилюковаЮ. Л.SilyukovaY. L.

мл. науч. сотр. лаборатории генетики, разведения и сохранения генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных птиц

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Conservation of the Genetic Resources of Farm Birds

svadim33@mail.ruСтанишевскаяО. И.StanishevskayaO. I.

д-р биол. н., гл. науч. сотр., зав. лабораторией генетики, разведения и сохранения генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных птиц.

Dr. Habil (Biol. Sci.), Head of tha laboratory of genetics, breeding and conservation of poultry genetic resources

ВНИИГРЖ – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста»РоссияRussian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding — Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryRussian Federation20231310202303258266Copyright © Силюкова Ю.Л., Станишевская О.И., 20232023Силюкова Ю.Л., Станишевская О.И.Silyukova Y.L., Stanishevskaya O.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1138

Сохранение и использование заморожено/оттаянных сперматозоидов петухов важно для поддержания биоразнообразия сельскохозяйственных птиц и в перспективе будет играть важную роль в селекции, что даст большую гибкость в программах разведения. Такое использование оттаянного семени целесообразно только при высоком уровне его оплодотворяющей способности. Трегалоза является перспективным природным компонентом в составе криозащитных сред для семени петухов за счет ее исключительной способности нейтрализации холодового стресса. Целью исследования было определить эффективность использования трегалозы в составе криозащтного разбавителя семени петухов на базе Ленинградской криозащитной среды (ЛКСконтроль). Представлена среды ЛКС-Т20 с добавлением трегалозы в концентрации 9,5 mM. Показатели подвижности семени после размораживания (♂ красный род-айланд, n=10) в зависимости от состава среды значимо не различались. Достоверные различия (p <0,05) были получены по показателю оплодотворенности яиц: 86,0% при использовании среды ЛКС-Т20 и 79,0% – ЛКС-контроль и по оценке состояния вителлиновой мембраны желтка яиц (p <0,001). Показатель оплодотворенности яиц на приемлемом для оттаянного семени уровне 50% сохранялся до 10 дня (20 день сбора яиц) от последнего осеменения при использовании среды ЛКС-Т20. Функциональная полноценность оттаянных сперматозоидов сохранялась в течение 15 дней (25й день сбора яиц) от последнего осеменения при использовании разбавителя ЛКС-Т20– оплодотворенность яиц 15,0%, количество взаимодействий сперматозоидов при оценке состояния вителлиновой мембраны желтка яиц в области бластодиска составило 345,2 шт/см2 . При использовании разбавителя ЛКС-контроль – функциональная способность оттаянных сперматозоидов в те же контрольные периоды отсутствовала. Полученный высокий уровень оплодотворенности яиц при включении трегалозы в состав криозащитного разбавителя в сочетании с методом замораживания семени петухов в гранулах подтверждает целесообразность внедрения разбавителя ЛКС-Т20 в технологию сохранения генетического разнообразия локальных и аборигенных пород кур методами in vitro.

The preservation and use of frozen/ thawed male sperm is important for maintaining the biodiversity of poultry and will eventually play an important role in breeding, allowing greater flexibility in breeding programs. This use of thawed semen is advisable only at a high level of its fertilizing ability. Trehalose is a promising natural component in cryoprotective media for rooster semen due to its exceptional ability to neutralize cold stress. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using trehalose as part of a medium for cryopreservation of rooster semen based on the Russian development - Leningrad cryoprotective medium (LCM-control). The composition of the LCM-T20 experimental medium with the addition of trehalose at a concentration of 9.5 mM has been developed. The mobility indicators of thawed rooster semen (Rhode Island Red breed, ♂n=10) did not differ significantly depending on the composition of the medium. Significant differences (p <0.05) were obtained in terms of egg fertilization: 86.0% when using the LCM-T20 medium and 79.0% using LCMcontrol and in assessing the state of the vitelline membrane of the egg yolk (p <0.001). The fertilization rate of eggs at a level acceptable for thawed semen of 50% was maintained until the 10th day (20th day of egg collection) from the last insemination when using the LKS-T20 medium. The functional usefulness of thawed sperm was maintained for 15 days (the 25th day of egg collection) from the last insemination when using the LCM-T20 media - egg fertilization was 15.0%, the average number of points of interaction of sperm with the vitelline membrane of the egg yolk was 345.2 pcs/cm2. When using the LCM-control diluent, the functional ability of thawed spermatozoa was absent during the same control periods. The achieved high level of egg fertilization when trehalose was included in the cryoprotective diluent in combination with the method of freezing rooster semen in pellets confirms the feasibility of introducing the LCMT20 diluent into the technology for preserving the genetic diversity of local and indigenous breeds of chickens using in vitro methods. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.