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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.68</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1158</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярная характеристика Cryptosporidium scrofarum в свиноводческих хозяйствах Вологодской области Северо-Западного  Федерального округа РФ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium scrofarum in pig farms  of  the  Vologda  region  of  the  Northwestern  Federal  District  of  the   Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7015-8063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кряжев</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryazhev</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р ветеринар. наук, проф. кафедры эпизоотологии и микробиологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor  of  Veterinary Sciences, Professor of Department of Epizootology  and  Microbiology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kamarnett@mail.tu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6919-8524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. ветеринар. наук, доц. кафедры внутренних незаразных болезней, хирургии и акушерства</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor  of Department  of  Internal  Non-Contagious  Diseases, Surgery  and  Obstetrics, Ph.D </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Вологодская ГМХА им. Н.В. Верещагина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBE  Institution  of  Higher  Education «Vologda  State  Dairy  Farming  Academy named after N.V. Vereshchagin»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кряжев А.Л., Новиков А.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кряжев А.Л., Новиков А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kryazhev A.L., Novikov A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1158">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1158</self-uri><abstract><p>Криптоспоридиоз – зооноз,  имеющий  глобальное  распространение, вызываемый протистами рода Cryptosporidium. К настоящему времени  с  применением  в  исследованиях  молекулярно-генетических методов идентифицировано 44 вида и 120 генотипов представителей рода Cryptosporidium. У свиней выделено тринадцать различных видов/генотипов с доминированием Cryptosporidium suis и Cryptosporidium scrofarum. В РФ идентификация видов криптоспоридий у поросят при помощи молекулярно-генетических методов ранее не проводилась. Целью данных исследований было выявление, идентификация, анализ и изучение особенностей распространения Cryptosporidium scrofarum у свиней в хозяйствах Вологодской области СЗФО РФ. Впервые в РФ на примере Вологодской области СЗФО в свиноводческих хозяйствах различного типа с применением ранее разработанных, а также в результате собственных  разработок  новейших  молекулярно-генетических  методик,  а  именно –  NGS секвенирования ампликонов фрагментов гена 18S рРНК, полученных в результате проведения вложенной ПЦР, нами установлено паразитирование С. scrofarum у свиней всех возрастных групп. Инвазированность животных, содержащихся в свинокомплексах составила 34%, в фермерских хозяйствах – 32,4%. Наиболее подвержены заражению поросята, находящиеся на откорме в возрасте 13-24 недель. </p><p>Анализ таксономической принадлежности ASV проведённый с помощью филогенетического анализа, дополненного анализом с использованием алгоритма blastn в базе данных GenBank, показал, что суммарно во всех исследованных образцах присутствуют 10 ASV-типов (amplicon sequence variant), имеющих высокое сходство с последовательностями, депонированными в GenBank, как фрагменты гена 18S рРНК Cryptosporidium scrofarum. Установлено, что типы ASV1 и ASV2, выявляемые в различных географических регионах мира от Португалии и Великобритании до Китая, Индии и Австралии, идентифицированы во всех обследуемых хозяйствах, хотя и в существенно различных количествах. Остальные ASV присутствуют в значительно меньшем количестве и не повторяются от хозяйства к хозяйству. Вероятно, эти последовательности принадлежат местным популяциям  подвидов Cryptosporidium  scrofarum. Интересным  представляется  обнаружение уникальной  последовательности  рода Cryptosporidium типа  ASV8, который  в  последствии может быть описан как новый вид.  </p><p>Обнаруженные нами нуклеотидные последовательности являются уникальными. Каждая из них была депонирована в GenBank c присвоением идентификаторов (Sequence ID: OR649139,  OR654022,  OR654023,  OR661243,  OR661244,  OR654051,  OR654052, OR654083, OR654084, OR654106).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of these studies was to identify, identify, analyze and study the distribution of Cryptosporidium scrofarum in pigs in the  farms  of  the  Vologda  Region  of  the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation.</p><p>For the first time in the Russian Federation, using the example of the Vologda Oblast of the Northwestern Federal District in pig  farms  of  various  types  using  the  latest molecular  genetic  methods,  namely  using high-throughput  sequencing  of  amplicon libraries of fragments of the 18S rRNA gene obtained  because  of  nested  PCR,  we  have established the infection of C. scrofarum in all  age  groups  of  examined  animals.  The contamination of animals kept in pig farms was 34%, in farms - 32.4%. Animals that are fattened at the age of 13-24 weeks are most susceptible to infection.</p><p>Analysis  of  ASV  taxonomic  affiliation using  phylogenetic  analysis,  supplemented by analysis using the blastn algorithm in the GenBank database, showed that a total of 10 ASV types (amplicon sequence variant) are present  in  all  tested  samples,  which  have high  similarity  to  sequences  deposited  in GenBank  as  fragments  of  the  18S  p  gene Cryptosporidium  scrofarum  RNA.  It  has been established that the types of ASV1 and ASV2  detected  in  various  geographical  regions of the world from Portugal and Great Britain  to  China,  India  and  Australia  are identified in all examined farms, although in significantly  different  quantities.  The  remaining ASVs are present in much smaller numbers  and  do  not  repeat  from  farm  to farm.  These  sequences  probably  belong  to local populations of subspecies Cryptosporidium scrofarum.  It  is  interesting  to  find  a unique sequence of the genus Cryptosporidium  of  type  ASV8,  which  can  later  be  described as a new species.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>криптоспоридиоз</kwd><kwd>Cryptosporidium  scrofarum</kwd><kwd>ооцисты</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>ДНК</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>18S рРНК</kwd><kwd>поросята</kwd><kwd>Вологодская область</kwd><kwd>Российская Федерация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cryptosporidiosis</kwd><kwd>Cryptosporidium  scrofarum</kwd><kwd>oocysts</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>DNA</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>ASV</kwd><kwd>amplicon sequence variant</kwd><kwd>18S rRNA</kwd><kwd>piglets</kwd><kwd>the Vologda region</kwd><kwd>the Russian Federation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного  фонда  №  22-26-00002,  https://rscf.ru/project/22-26-00002/.  Молекулярно-генетические исследования выполнены с использованием оборудования с использованием оборудования ЦКП «Геномные технологии, протеомика и клеточная биология» ФГБНУ ВНИИСХМ</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The  study  was  carried out at  the  expense of a  grant from the Russian Science Foundation  No.  22-26-00002, https://rscf.ru/project/22-26-00002/. The study was carried out using  the  equipment  of  the  resource  center  «Genomic  Technologies,  Proteomics  and  Cell Biology» of ARRIAM.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snelling, W. J. Cryptosporidiosis in developing countries / W. J. Snelling, L. Xiao, G. Ortega-Pierres, C. J. Lowery, J. E. Moore, J. R. Rao, &amp; J. S. 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