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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.87</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1160</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патогенные Escherichia coli: факторы вирулентности, распространение, проблемы диагностики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogenic  Escherichia  coli:  virulence  factors,  spread,  diagnostic  problems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2655-7555</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Забровская</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabrovskaia</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р ветеринар. наук, доц. кафедры паразитологии имени В. Л. Якимова</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Veterinary Science, associate professor of the Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">beringa20@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Забровская А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Забровская А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zabrovskaia A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1160">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1160</self-uri><abstract><p>Escherichia  coli  являются  составляющими  норомофлоры  желудочно-кишечного тракта животных и человека, однако, геном E. coli может содержать гены, кодирующие факторы вирулентности, обуславливая болезни животных и человека с широким спектром патологических изменений и клинических проявлений. Наличие или отсутствие факторов вирулентности не всегда коррелирует с серологической группой, что не всегда учитывается специалистами лабораторий и приводит к ошибкам в диагностике. По месту локализации вызываемого патологического процесса возбудителей эшерихиозов делят на диареегенные (DEC) и вызывающие болезни внекишечной локализации (ExPEC). По наличию специфических факторов вирулентности и патогенезу вызываемых болезней диареегенные E. coli подразделяют  на  энтеропатогенные  (ЕРЕС),  энтероинвазивные  (EIEC),  диффузно-адгерентные (DAEC), энтероаггрегативные (EAggEC), энтеротоксигенные (ЕТЕС) и шигатоксин-продуцирующие или энтерогеморрагические (ЕНЕС или STEC). К последним трем группам относятся E.coli, способны вызывать болезни у продуктивных животных. К E. coli группы ЕхРЕС относятся уропатогенные (UPEC), вызывающие менингит новорожденных и сепсис (NMEC, SEPEC) и авиапатогенные (АРЕС), вызывающие колибактериоз  у  птиц.  Основным  фактором  вирулентности  ЕНЕС  является  продукция  шигатоксина, вызывающего  в организме тяжелые изменения.  У человека ЕНЕС вызывают гемоколит, зачастую с развитием гемолитико-уремического синдрома (ГУС), приводящего к инвалидизации и иногда и смерти больного. Резервуаром ЕНЕС является крупный  рогатый  скот,  клинические  признаки  развиваются  только  у  молодняка,  взрослые животные могут быть носителями ЕНЕС и контаминировать штаммами молоко и мясо. ЕТЕС являются потенциальными возбудителями эшерихиозов телят и поросят. Группа АРЕС  представлена  штаммами E. coli,  вызывающими  инфекцию  у  домашней  птицы, особенно у бройлеров, с разнообразным патологическим проявлением: септицемия, перитонит, перигепатит, инфекции воздушного мешка, остеомиелит.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Escherichia  coli  are  components  of  the noromoflora  of  the  gastrointestinal  tract  of animals  and  humans,  however,  the  E.  coli genome  may  contain  genes  encoding  virulence  factors,  causing  diseases  of  animals and humans with a wide range of pathological changes and clinical manifestations. The presence or absence of virulence factors does not  always  correlate  with  the  serological group,  which  is  not  always  taken  into  account by laboratory specialists and leads to errors in diagnosis. According to the location of  the  pathological  process  caused,  escherichiosis pathogens are divided into diarrheal (DEC)  and  disease-causing  extra-intestinal localization (ExPEC). According to the presence  of  specific  virulence  factors  and  the pathogenesis of the diseases caused, diarrhe-ogenic E. coli are divided into enteropathogenic (HERES), enteroinvasive (EIEC), diffuse-adhesive  (DAEC),  enteroaggregative (EAggEC), enterotoxigenic (ETES) and shigatoxin-producing  or  enterohemorrhagic (ENES or STEC). The last three groups include  E.coli,  which  can  cause  diseases  in productive  animals.  To  E.  The  coli  of  the EXP group  include uropathogenic  (UPEC), which cause neonatal meningitis and sepsis (NMEC,  SEPEC)  and  airborne  pathogenic (ARES),  which  cause  colibacteriosis  in birds.  The  main  factor  in  the  virulence  of ENES is the production of shiga, a toxin that causes  severe  changes  in  the  body.  In  humans,  ENES  cause  hemocolitis,  often  with the  development  of  hemolytic-uremic  syndrome  (HUS),  leading  to  disability  and sometimes death of the patient. Cattle are the reservoir  of  ENES,  clinical  signs  develop only in young animals, adult animals can be carriers of ENES and contaminate milk and meat with strains. These are potential pathogens of Escherichia coli in calves and piglets. The ARES group is represented by E. coli  strains  that  cause  infection  in  poultry, especially broilers, with a variety of pathological  manifestations:  septicemia,  peritonitis, perigepatitis, air bag infections, osteomyelitis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Escherichia  coli</kwd><kwd>факторы  вирулентности</kwd><kwd>эшерихиозы</kwd><kwd>ЕНЕС</kwd><kwd>АРЕК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Escherichia coli</kwd><kwd>virulence factors</kwd><kwd>escherichiosis</kwd><kwd>EHEC</kwd><kwd>APEC</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zoonoses and communicable diseases common to man and animal. 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