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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.2.161</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1238</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООГИГИЕНА, САНИТАРИЯ, КОРМЛЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ZOOHYGIENE, SANITATION, FEEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ полиморфизма гена BMP2 костного морфогенетического белка-2 у северных оленей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of BMP2 gene polymorphism of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in reindeer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2561-145X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крутикова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krutikova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной генетики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics RRIFAGB  </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anntim2575@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5194-4851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пегливанян</surname><given-names>Г. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peglivanyan</surname><given-names>G. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной генетики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student, junior researcher Laboratory of Molecular Genetics RRIFAGB </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ВНИИГРЖ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>161</fpage><lpage>170</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крутикова А.А., Пегливанян Г.К., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крутикова А.А., Пегливанян Г.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krutikova A.A., Peglivanyan G.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1238">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1238</self-uri><abstract><p>В результате проведенных методом секвенирования по Сэнгеру исследований гена BMP2 северных оленей, отвечающего за формирование костной ткани и скелетной мускулатуры у млекопитающих и ассоциированного с увеличением роста, размера и живой массы у продуктивных животных, впервые была определена нуклеотидная последовательность кодирующих и регуляторных участков гена BMP2 у популяций дикого и домашнего северного оленя. В результате проведенных исследований был отсеквенирован участок кандидатного гена BMP2 северных оленей, включающий первый нетранслируемый и второй экзоны, определены локусы с низкой (1-й экзон) и высокой (2-й экзон) степенью полиморфизма, выявлены однонуклеотидные несовпадения с референсным геномом (геном белохвостого оленя (Odocoileus virginianus texanus)), которые могут служить для филогенетического анализа эволюции генов – ортологов, а также для генетической идентификации видовой принадлежности, выявлено 12 полиморфных локусов двух типов: in/del – инсерции-делеции и SNP – однонуклеотидный полиморфизм, определены наиболее значимые замены в соответствии изменением аминокислотного состава белка и химическими свойствами заменяемых аминокислот, проведены расчеты встречаемости генотипов и аллелей по выявленным вариантам генетического полиморфизма в анализируемых популяциях северного оленя (ненецкой и эвенкийской породы, дикий СО).Объектом исследований стали дикие и домашние северные олени хозяйств пова Таймыр и Эвенкии. Материалом для исследований послужила ДНК, выделенная классическим фенольным методом из крови домашнего северного оленя двух пород - ненецкой (n=20) и эвенкийской (n=20), а также из образцов тканей дикого северного оленя (n=20).Целью исследования стали поиск и отбор потенциальных вариантов генетического полиморфизма в гене BMP2 в качестве молекулярно-генетических маркеров, которые могут быть рекомендованы к использованию в практике селекции северных оленей на увеличение мясной продуктивности.Впервые была определена нуклеотидная последовательность значимых участков гена BMP2 северных оленей. Выявленные в результате проведенных исследований полиморфные локусы в гене BMP2 имели различия по частоте встречаемости аллелей мутантного и дикого типов в изученных выборках домашнего северного оленя ненецкой и эвенкийской пород, а также в выборке дикого северного оленя, что говорит о действии факторов отбора на регион гена BMP2. Выявленная генетическая изменчивость исследуемого региона у контрастных по продуктивности пород северного оленя является предварительным подтверждением влияния генетического полиморфизма в гене BMP2 на вариабельность фенотипов по ростовым и массовым показателям, которые являются ключевыми для формирования мясной продуктивности северных оленей. Результаты исследований влияния полиморфизма гена BMP2 на ростовые и массовые показатели у других видов животных позволяют предположить, что некоторые из выявленных вариантов генетического полиморфизма в изученном регионе гена BMP2 могут оказаться казуальными мутациями, влияющими на формирование количественных признаков у домашних северных оленей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The BMP2 gene of reindeer was study by Sanger sequencing. The BMP2 gene is involved in the formation of bone tissue and skeletal muscle in mammals. The BMP2 gene is associated with an increase in height, size, and body weight in productive animals. For the first time, the nucleotidesequence of the coding and regulatory regions of the BMP2 gene was determined in populations of wild and domestic reindeer.As a result, a segment of the reindeer BMP2 candidate gene was sequence, including the first untranslated and second exons. Loci with low (exon1) and high (exon2) degree of polymorphism identified.Single nucleotide mismatches with the reference genome (white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus texanus) genome) identified, which can be used for phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of orthologue genes, as well as for genetic identification of species. Twelve polymorphic loci of two types were identified: in/del and SNP. The most significant substitutions were also determined in accordance with the change in the amino acid composition of the protein and the chemical properties of the replaced amino acids. Calculations were made of the occurrence of genotypes and alleles according to the identified variants of genetic polymorphism in the analyzed populations of reindeer (Nenets and Evenk breeds, wild reindeer).The object of research was wild and domestic reindeer on the farms of the Taimyr Peninsula and Evenkia. The material for the study was DNA isolated by the classical phenol method from the blood of domestic reindeer of two breeds - Nenets (n=20) and Evenki (n=20), as well as from tissue samples of wild reindeer (n=20).The aim of the study was to search for and select potential variants of genetic polymorphism in the BMP2 gene as molecular genetic markers that can be recommend for use in the practice of reindeer breeding to increase meat productivity.For the first time, the nucleotide sequence of significant regions of the reindeer BMP2 gene was determined. The polymorphic loci in the BMP2 gene identified as a result of the studies had differences in the frequency of occurrence of alleles of mutant and wild types in the studied samples of domestic reindeer of the Nenets and Evenk breeds, as well as in the sample of wild reindeer. Differences in occurrence indicate the effect of selection factors on the region of the BMP2 gene. The revealed genetic variability of the studied region in reindeer breeds contrasting in productivity is a preliminary confirmation of the influence of genetic polymorphism in the BMP2 gene on the variability of phenotypes in terms of height and weight indicators. Indicators of growth and live weight are key to the formation of the meat productivity of reindeer. The results of studies of the effect of BMP2 gene polymorphism on growth and weight parameters in other animal species suggest that some of the identified variants of genetic polymorphism in the studied region of the BMP2 gene may turn out to be casual mutations that can affect the formation of quantitative traits in domestic reindeer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ДНК</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>генетический полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>SNP</kwd><kwd>ген ВМР2</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетические маркеры</kwd><kwd>дикие и домашние северные олени (Rangifer tarandus)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>DNA</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>genetic polymorphism</kwd><kwd>SNP</kwd><kwd>BMP2 gene</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic markers</kwd><kwd>wild and domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования проведены при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ (ГЗ № 121052600352-3)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (State Order № 121052600352-3).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Correns, A., Zimmermann, L. 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