ivmМеждународный вестник ветеринарииInternational Journal of Veterinary Medicine2072-2419SpbGUVM Publishing House10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.2.206ivm-1243Research ArticleЗООГИГИЕНА, САНИТАРИЯ, КОРМЛЕНИЕZOOHYGIENE, SANITATION, FEEDINGКлинико-патологические и генетические аспекты паралича гортани у собакClinical, pathological and genetic aspects of laryngeal paralysis in dogshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-298XМукийЮ. В.MukiiJ. V.

к.б.н., доцент кафедры ветеринарной гигиены, кормления и разведения животных

PhD of biological science, Associate Professor 

jul.ma2015@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-3221КостюнинаО. В.KostiuninaO. V.

 д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник группы молекулярных основ селекции

doctor of biological sciences, Leading researcher 

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медициныРоссияFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "SPbSUVM"Russian FederationФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. ЭрнстаРоссияFederal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry – VIZH named after academician L.K. Ernst"Russian Federation20232906202302206212Copyright © Мукий Ю.В., Костюнина О.В., 20242024Мукий Ю.В., Костюнина О.В.Mukii J.V., Kostiunina O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1243

В обзорной статье рассмотрены основные клинические признаки паралича гортани и патологические изменения, связанные с ним и другими неврологическими патологиями. Эти наследственные невропатии собак образуют группу дегенеративных заболеваний, поражающих двигательные и/или чувствительные и вегетативные периферические нервы и имеют сходные симптомы. Аксональные формы, связанные с генерализованной полиневропатией и параличом гортани, описаны у нескольких пород собак: далматинцев, аляскинских маламутов, ротвейлеров, лабрадор-ретриверов, леонбергеров, сенбернаров, итальянских спинолей, пиренейских горных собак, подгальских овчарок, кокер-спаниелей, немецких догов, американских стаффордширских терьеров, стаффордширских бультерьеров, бувье де Фландр, сибирских хаски и их помесей. Рассматриваются гены кандидаты, ассоциированные с заболеванием: ARHGEF10, RAPGEF6, ADAMTS3, CNTNAP1, DCTN1. Возраст начала заболевания может варьировать, проявление признаков паралича гортани возникает как у молодых собак, так встречается и гериатрическая форма. Прогноз комплекса паралича гортани-полинейропатии от осторожного до неблагоприятного. Описан один случай эвтаназии в связи с некупируемой регургитацией и аспирационной пневмонией. Некоторые авторы указывают на возможную ассоциацию заболевания с белым окрасом шерсти. Установлено два основных типа наследования паралича гортани у собак – аутосомно-рецессивный и рецессивный сцепленный с Х-хромосомой. У человека известен доминантный тип наследования данной аномалии. Ранняя диагностика позволит идентифицировать наследственный характер паралича гортани, снизить частоту проявления тяжелых форм заболевания при своевременной хирургической коррекции хрящей гортани и симптоматическом лечении, а также элиминировать носителей мутантных аллелей в популяциях собак, что является актуальным на сегодняшний день в связи с распространением данной аномалии у многих пород.

The review article discusses the main clinical signs of paralysis of the larynx and pathological changes associated with it and other neurological pathologies. These hereditary canine neuropathies form a group of degenerative diseases affecting motor and/or sensory and autonomic peripheral nerves and have similar symptoms.Axonal forms associated with generalized polyneuropathy and paralysis of the larynx have been described in several dog breeds: Dalmatians, Alaskan Malamutes, Rottweilers, Labrador Retrievers, Leonbergers, St. Bernards, Italian Spinols, Pyrenean Mountain Dogs, Podhale Sheepdogs, Cocker Spaniels, Great Danes, American Staffordshire Terriers, Staffordshire Bull Terriers, Bouvier de Flandres, Siberian Huskies and Siberian Husky crosses. Candidate genes for association with the disease are considered: ARHGEF10, RAPGEF6, ADAMTS3, CNTNAP1, DCTN1. The age of onset of the disease can be different, the manifestation of signs of paralysis of the larynx occurs both in young dogs, and the geriatric form also occurs. The prognosis of the complex of paralysis of the larynxpolyneuropathy is from cautious to unfavorable. One case of euthanasia due to intractable regurgitation and aspiration pneumonia has been described. Some authors point to a possible association of the disease with white coat color. Two main types of inheritance of paralysis of the larynx in dogs have been established - autosomal recessive and X -linked recessive. In humans, the dominant type of inheritance of this anomaly is known. Early diagnosis will make it possible to identify the hereditary nature of paralysis of the larynx, reduce the incidence of severe forms of the disease with timely surgical correction of the cartilage of the larynx and symptomatic treatment, as well as the spread of carriers of mutant alleles in dog populations. This is relevant today in connection with the spread of this anomaly in many breeds.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.