ivmМеждународный вестник ветеринарииInternational Journal of Veterinary Medicine2072-2419SpbGUVM Publishing House10.52419/issn2072-2419.2024.1.392ivm-1347Research ArticleНЕЗАРАЗНЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИNON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASEМолекулярно-ориентированная терапия опухолей лёгкого у животных при BRAF мутациях – возможности и ограничения методаMolecular-oriented therapy of lung tumors in animals with BRAF mutations – possibilities and limitations of the methodhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4726-6204НазароваА. В.NazarovaA. V.

 канд. ветеринар. наук, асс. каф. общей, частной и оперативной хирургии 

 Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Assistant of the Department of Surgery 

anna.v.nazarova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8981-0696КузнецоваТ. Ш.KuznetsovaT. Sh.

 канд. биол. наук, доц. каф. генетических и репродуктивных биотехнологий

Candidate of Biological Sciences, docent of the Department of Genetic and  Reproductive Biotechnologies 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-9360СеменовБ. С.SemenovB. S.

 д-р ветеринар. наук, проф., проф. каф. общей, частной и оперативной хирургии 

Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of  Surgery 

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4166-662XКолодяжныйП. А.KolodyazhnyP. A.

 студ. 

 student 

ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины»РоссияSt. Petersburg State University of Veterinary MedicineRussian Federation20240204202401392402Copyright © Назарова А.В., Кузнецова Т.Ш., Семенов Б.С., Колодяжный П.А., 20242024Назарова А.В., Кузнецова Т.Ш., Семенов Б.С., Колодяжный П.А.Nazarova A.V., Kuznetsova T.S., Semenov B.S., Kolodyazhny P.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1347

Понятие «рак лёгкого» (РЛ) объединяет различные по происхождению, гистологической структуре, клиническому течению и результатам лечения злокачественные эпителиальные опухоли. РЛ занимает первое место по заболеваемости мужчин в России и по смертности — в мире. У животных РЛ диагностируется гораздо реже, однако с ростом количества животных, содержащихся в городах, заболеваемость РЛ увеличивается, так как животные-компаньоны подвергаются тем же факторам риска, что и люди. Нами был проведён ретроспективный анализ историй болезни 43 животных (28 кошек и 15 собак), поступивших на лечение в ветеринарные клиники «ВЕГА» в период с 2020 по 2023 года. Критерием включения животных в исследование был диагностированный по результатам инструментальных и лабораторных исследований неопластический процесс в грудной полости и лёгких. Рекомендуемая у человека высокодозная внутривенная химиотерапия неэффективна при лечении РЛ у животных, поэтому необходимы поиск, разработка и внедрение в клиническую практику таргетных препаратов, которые будут эффективны у животных. Поскольку наиболее широко применяемой в медицине человека группой таргетных препаратов являются низкомолекулярные ингибиторы киназ, воздействующие на соответствующую молекулярную мишень в опухоли, в ветеринарной медицине актуальными являются разработка методов молекулярно-генетических исследований опухолевых клеток у животных, которые сделают их доступными для практического применения ветеринарными онкологами. Выбор методов лечения и прогноз зависят от стадии болезни, поэтому вопрос о внедрении в ветеринарную практику биомаркеров различных типов и стадий онкологических процессов заслуживает проведения исследований. Также для повышения эффективности лечения рекомендовано проведение исследований и разработка шкалы стадирования рака лёгкого для кошек.

Lung cancer (LC) is malignant epithelial tumors that differ in origin, histological structure, clinical course, and treatment results. Lung cancer ranks first in terms of male morbidity in Russia, and in terms of mortality in the world. In animals, LC is diagnosed much less frequently, but with an increase in the number of animals kept in cities, the incidence of LC increases, since companion animals are exposed to the same risk factors as humans. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 43 animals (28 cats and 15 dogs) admitted to the VEGA veterinary clinics for treatment in the period from 2020 to 2023. The criterion for the inclusion of animals in the study was a tumor process in the thoracic cavity and lungs, diagnosed by instrumental and laboratory methods. High-dose intravenous chemotherapy, which is used in humans, is ineffective in the treatment of LC in animals, therefore, it is necessary to search, develop and introduce into clinical practice targeted drugs that will be effective in animals. Since the most widely used group of targeted drugs in human medicine are low-molecular kinase inhibitors that act on the corresponding molecular target in the tumor, the development of molecular genetic methods available for practical use by veterinary oncologists for the study of tumor cells in animals is relevant in veterinary medicine. The choice of treatment methods and prognosis depend on the stage of the disease, therefore, the issue of introducing biomarkers of various types and stages of oncological processes into veterinary practice deserves research. Also, to improve the effectiveness of treatment, it is recommended to conduct research and develop a lung cancer staging scale for cats.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.