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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2024.2.212</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1391</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОХИМИЯ, МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOCHEMISTRY, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биологическая роль хрома обоснование, опыт и перспективы его применения крупному рогатому скоту</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The biological role of chromium is the rationale, experience and prospects of its application to cattle</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6774-4288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр., гр. аналитическойбиохимии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Analytical Biochemistry Group  </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voroninaok-senia@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3831-4412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сивкина</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivkina</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> асп. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student  </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-8680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitsev</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р хим. наук, д-р биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр., руководитель группы аналитической биохимии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Doctor of Biological Sciences, leading researcher, Head of the Analytical Biochemistry Group  </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства - ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>212</fpage><lpage>228</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Воронина О.А., Сивкина О.Н., Зайцев С.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Воронина О.А., Сивкина О.Н., Зайцев С.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voronina O.A., Sivkina O.N., Zaitsev S.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1391">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1391</self-uri><abstract><p>Биологическое влияние хрома на организм сельскохозяйственных животных в первую очередь обусловлено химической формой соединения и продолжительностью применения. Хром относится к важнейшим ультрамикроэлементам, но его эссенциальная роль в организме была экспериментально доказана только во второй половине XX века. Кинетическая инертность ионов трехвалентного хрома не позволяет задействовать элемент во многих биохимических реакциях, в то же время, этот эффект обеспечивает пролонгацию конкретных клеточных процессов, связанных с поступлением глюкозы в клетку. Среди наиболее часто применяемых кормовых добавок встречаются: ультрадисперсные или наночастицы оксида трехвалентного хрома, пиколинат, ацетат или пропионат хрома, комплексные соединения аминокислот с хромом. Вопросы регулирования их применения зависят от конкретной страны и установленных в ней потребностей в элементе и предельно допустимых концентраций содержания хрома в кормах и получаемой сельскохозяйственной продукции, а также от регламентирующей законодательной базы. Полученные в ряде экспериментов данные о последствиях дефицита хрома свидетельствуют о развитии толерантности к глюкозе, снижении скорости её клеточной утилизации и замедлении энергетического обмена. Эффекты, наблюдаемые при введении в рацион крупного рогатого скота, дополнительных источников хрома выражаются в повышении переваримости сухого вещества, действии на активность пищеварительных ферментов, стимуляции видового разнообразия микробиоты рубца, увеличении удоя и т.д. Чаще всего схожие по дизайну экспериментальные работы, согласованы с критериями научности по воспроизводимости и повторяемости, а данные мeта-анализа и систематические обзоры по применению кормовых добавок хрома в молочном животноводстве подтверждают определенную долю их эффективности. Большинство описанных в данном обзоре работ выполнено за рубежом, что требует активизации в России как экспериментальных исследований, так и работ по корреляционному и регрессионному анализу взаимосвязи добавок хрома с показателями продуктивности молочных коров.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The biological effect of chromium on the body of farm animals is primarily due to the chemical form of the compound and the duration of use. Chromium is one of the most important ultramicroelements, but its essential role in the body was experimentally proven only in the second half of the 20th century. The kinetic inertness of the ions of three-valence chromium does not allow the element to be involved in many biochemical reactions, at the same time, this effect ensures the prolongation of specific cellular processes associated with the entry of glucose into the cell. Among the most commonly used feed additives are: ultrafine or nanoparticles of trivalent chromium oxide, picolinate, acetate or propionate of chromium, complex compounds of amino acids with chromium. The issues of regulating their use depend on the specific country and the requirements for the maximum permissible concentrations of chromium content in feed and agricultural products obtained, as well as on the regulatory legislative framework. Numerous experimental data on the effects of chromium deficiency indicate the development of glucose tolerance, a decrease in the rate of its cellular utilization and a slowdown in energy metabolism. The effects observed when additional sources of chromium are introduced into the diet of cattle are expressed in increasing the digestibility of dry matter, acting on the activity of digestive enzymes, stimulating the species diversity of the rumen microbiota, increasing milk yield, etc. The experimental data obtained and the results of the meta-analysis confirm a significant increase in the productivity of dairy cows with the introduction of chromium supplements into the diet, which is an important achievement in the practice of dairy farming. Most of the work described in this review was carried out abroad, which requires intensification in Russia of both experimental research and work on correlation and regression analysis of the relationship between chromium supplements and productivity indicators of dairy cows.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>физиологические и биохимические эффекты хрома</kwd><kwd>хром в кормах</kwd><kwd>добавки хрома в молочном животноводстве</kwd><kwd>молочное скотоводство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>physiological and biochemical effects of chromium</kwd><kwd>chromium in feed</kwd><kwd>chromium additives in dairy farming</kwd><kwd>dairy cattle breeding</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ в рамках выполнения государственного задания 124020200032-4 (FGGN-2024-0016).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of state assignment 124020200032-4 (FGGN- 2024-0016).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">García-Barrera T., Gómez-Ariza J.L., González-Fernández M., Moreno F., GarcíaSevillano M.A., Gómez-Jacinto V. 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