<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2024.2.307</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1402</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКУШЕРСТВО, ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Идентификация полиморфизма гена APAF1 и его ассоциации с хозяйственно-полезными признаками голштинского скота</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Identification of the polymorphism of the APAF1  gene and its association with economically useful traits of Holstein cattle</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-3188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафина</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safina</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natysafina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9299-2104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муханина</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhanina</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3362-0463</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакиров</surname><given-names>Ш. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakirov</surname><given-names>Sh. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> д-р с.-х. наук, проф., гл. науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-1500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнутдинова</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gainutdinova</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>асп., науч. сотр.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Graduate student, Researcher </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6083-2883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фаттахова</surname><given-names>З. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fattakhova</surname><given-names>Z. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, асс. кафедры кормления</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Department Assistant </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Татарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture “Kazan Scientific Center of Russia Academy of Sciences”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Казанская государственная академия ветеринарной медицины им. Н.Э. Баумана</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>307</fpage><lpage>313</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сафина Н.Ю., Муханина Е.Н., Шакиров Ш.К., Гайнутдинова Э.Р., Фаттахова З.Ф., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сафина Н.Ю., Муханина Е.Н., Шакиров Ш.К., Гайнутдинова Э.Р., Фаттахова З.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Safina N.Y., Mukhanina E.N., Shakirov S.K., Gainutdinova E.R., Fattakhova Z.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1402">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1402</self-uri><abstract><p>Снижение репродуктивной способности коров приводит к убыткам в молочном животноводстве, так как уменьшается производство молока из-за отсутствия лактационного периода у коров. Гаплотип HH1, отвечает за мутацию белка апоптотического протеаза-активирующего фактора 1 (APAF1), в результате которой укорачивается его структура, в результате чего снижается оплодотворяемость, увеличивается количество эмбриональной смертности и абортов у голштинского молочного скота. Для исследования полиморфизма гена APAF1 (SNP p.Q579X [c.1741C&gt;T]) и его ассоциаций с хозяйственно-полезными признаками были использованы данные и ДНК 254 коров голштинской породы отечественной селекции в СХПК «племенной завод им. Ленина» Атнинского района Республики Татарстан. В результате в локусе гена APAF1 – BstC8 I крупного рогатого скота были идентифицированы 2 аллеля (Q и X), и 2 генотипа (QQ и QX). Установлено, что доминирующее поголовье представлено носителями гомозиготного генотипа QQ гена APAF1 – 98,0 %, а частота аллеля Q достигла 0,990. Процент животных QX-типа минимален – 2,0% от всего числа коров, подвергнутых исследованию, вследствие чего встречаемость аллеля X составила всего 0,010. Оценка влияния полиморфизма гена APAF1 на экономически значимые признаки показала, что в зависимости от генотипа статистически достоверно варьируют такие показатели воспроизводства, как возраст первого плодотворного осеменения, продолжительность сухостойного периода и индекс плодовитости Дохи. Анализ признаков молочной продуктивности указывает на то, что коровы с генотипом QQ в значительной степени превосходят особей с генотипом QX по всем сравниваемым позициям, за исключением содержания массовой доли жира. Путем отбора с использованием генетического маркирования можно уменьшить ущерб животноводческим фермам за счет снижения частоты носителей летальных аллелей в родительском поколении.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A decrease in the reproductive ability of cows leads to losses in dairy farming, as dairy production decreases due to the lack of a lactation period in cows. Haplotype HH1 is responsible for a mutation in the protein apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (APAF1), as a result of which its structure is shortened, resulting in a decrease in fertility, an increase in the number of embryonic mortality and abortions in Holstein dairy cattle. To study the polymorphism of the APAF1 gene (SNP p.Q579X [c.1741C&gt;T]) and its associations with economically traits, we used data and DNA from 254 cows of Holstein population of indigenous selection of Breeding Farm Integrated Agricultural Production Center of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result, 2 alleles (Q and X) and 2 genotypes (QQ and QX) were identified in the APAF1 – BstC8 I gene locus in cattle. It was established that the dominant population is represented by carriers of the homozygous QQ genotype of the APAF1 gene - 98.0 %, and the frequency of the Q allele reached 0.990. The percentage of QX-type animals is minimal - 2.0 % of the total number of cows subjected to the study, as a result of which the occurrence of the X allele was only 0.010. An assessment of the influence of APAF1 gene polymorphism on economically significant traits showed that, depending on the genotype, such reproduction traits as the age of the first fertile insemination, the duration of the dry period and the Doha fertility index vary statistically significantly. Analysis of dairy productivity traits that cows with the QQ genotype are significantly superior to individuals with the QX genotype in all compared positions, with the exception of the content of the mass fraction of fat. Through selection using genetic marking, damage to livestock farms can be reduced by reducing the frequency of carriers of lethal alleles in the parent generation. This research was supported by FASO Russia project, registration number 122011800138-7.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>летальный ген</kwd><kwd>аллель</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>HH1</kwd><kwd>APAF1</kwd><kwd>эмбриональная смертность</kwd><kwd>воспроизводство</kwd><kwd>удой</kwd><kwd>жир</kwd><kwd>белок</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lethal gene</kwd><kwd>allele</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>HH1</kwd><kwd>APAF1</kwd><kwd>embryonic mortality</kwd><kwd>reproduction</kwd><kwd>yield</kwd><kwd>fat</kwd><kwd>protein</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья написана в рамках государственного задания: Эколого-генетические подходы к созданию и сохранению ресурсов растений и животных, расширению их адаптивного потенциала и биоразнообразия, разработка сберегающих агротехнологий с целью повышения устойчивости производства высококачественной продукции, достижения безопасности для здоровья человека и окружающей среды. Номер регистрации: 122011800138-7.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written within the framework of the state task: Ecological and genetic approaches to the creation and conservation of plant and animal resources, the expansion of their adaptive potential and biodiversity, the development of conservation agrotechnologies in order to increase the sustainability of high-quality products, achieve safety for human health and the environment. Registration number: 122011800138-7.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Меркурьева Е.К. Генетика с основами биометрии / Е.К. Меркурьева, Г.Н. Шангин-Березовский // М.: Колос, 1983. – 400 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merkureva E.K., Shangin-Berezovsky G.N. Genetics with the fundamentals of biometrics Moskow: Kolos. 1983. 400. [In Russ.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Патент на изобретение RU 2614117 С1 Опубликовано 22.03.2017 Бюл. № 9. Заявка № 2016108132, от 09.03.2016 «Способ определения полиморфизма APAF1, ассоциированного с гаплотипом фертильности голштинского скота HH1» / Зновьева Н.А., Гладырь Е.А., Костюнина О.В. Романенкова О.С.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zinoveva N.A., Gladyr E.A., Kostyunina O.V., Romanenkova O.S. Patent RU 2614117 С1 Method for APAF1 polymorphism determination, associated with Holstein cattle hh1 fertility haplotype. Published 03.22.2017 Bulletin. No. 9. Application No. 2016108132, dated 03.09.2016. [In Russ.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сафина Н.Ю. Идентификация полиморфизма гена APAF1 у голштинского скота / Н.Ю. Сафина, З.Ф. Фаттахова, Э.Р. Гайнутдинова и др. // Международный вестник ветеринарии. – 2022. – №2. – С. 134-139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safina N.Yu., Fattakhova Z.F., Gaynutdinova E.R., Shakrov Sh.K. Identification of polymorphism in APAF1 gene in Holstein cattle / N.Yu. Safina, et al. // International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2022. 2:134-139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Романенкова О.С. Исследование полиморфизмов в генах APAF1, SMC2 и GART, ассоциированных с гаплотипами фертильности НН1, НН3 и НН4 голштинского и голштинизированного крупного рогатого скота: специальность 03.02.07 "Генетика»: автореф. дисс. канд. биол. наук / Романенкова Ольга Сергеевна. – п. Дубровицы Московской обл., 2016. – 22 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romanenkova O.S. Study of polymorphisms in the APAF1, SMC2 and GART genes associated with the fertility haplotypes HH1, HH3 and HH4 of Holstein and Holsteinized cattle: specialty 03.02.07 "Genetics": author's abstract. diss. Ph.D. biol. Sciences // Dubrovitsy, Moscow region, 2016. 22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams H.A. Identification of a nonsense mutation in APAF1 that is likely causal for a decrease in reproductive efficiency in Holstein dairy cattle / H.A. Adams, T.S. Sonstegard, P.M. VanRaden et al. // Journal of Dairy Science. 2016. vol. 99. P 6693–6701. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10517</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams H.A., Sonstegard T.S., VanRaden P.M., Null D.J., Van Tassell C.P, Larkin D.M., Lewin H.A. Identification of a nonsense mutation in APAF1 that is likely causal for a decrease in reproductive efficiency in Holstein dairy cattle // Journal of Dairy Science. 2016. 99:6693–6701</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albertino L.G. Frequência alélica da mutação APAF1 em Bovinos da raça holandesa (Holstein-Friesian) no Brasil: Dissertação (mestrado) – Universiade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Veterinaria e Zootecnia / L.G. Albertino. – Botucatu, São Paulo, 2021. – 35 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albertino L.G. Frequência alélica da mutação APAF1 em Bovinos da raça holandesa (Holstein-Friesian) no Brasil: Dissertação (mestrado). Universiade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Veterinaria e Zootecnia // Botucatu, São Paulo, 2021. 35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hozé C. Short communication: A splice site mutation in CENPU is associated with recessive embryonic lethality in Holstein cattle / C. Hozé, C. Escouflaire, M. MesbahUddin et al. // J. Dairy Sci. – 2020. – Vol. 103(1). – P. 607–612. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17056</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hozé C., Escouflaire C., Mesbah-Uddin M., Barbat A., Boussaha M., Deloche M.C., Boichard D., Fritz S., Capitan A. Short communication: A splice site mutation in CENPU is associated with recessive embryonic lethality in Holstein cattle // J Dairy Sci. 2020. 103(1):607-612.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khatib A. The distribution of lethal Holstein haplotypes affecting female fertility among the Russian black-and-white cattle / A. Khatib, E. Prokhortchouk, A. M. Mazur // EurAsian Journal of BioSciences. – 2020. – Vol. 14, No. 2. – P. 2545-2552.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khatib A., Prokhortchouk E., Mazur A.M. The distribution of lethal Holstein haplotypes affecting female fertility among the Russian black-and -white cattle // EurAsian Journal of BioSciences. 2020. 14(2):2545-2552.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park W. Case report: Investigation of genetic mutations in a case of schistosomus reflexus in a Holstein dairy cattle fetus in Korea / W. Park, H.-H. Chai, D. Lim et al. // Front. Vet. Sci. – 2023. – Vol. 10:1238544.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park W., Chai H.H., Lim D., Dang C., Lee J., Kim J., Jeong H., Lee T., Lee K.C., Lee K. Case report: Investigation of genetic mutations in a case of schistosomus reflexus in a Holstein dairy cattle fetus in Korea // Front Vet Sci. 2023. 10:1238544. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1238544</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Safina N.Yu. Association of Coenzyme Q9 (COQ9) Gene Polymorphism with Traits of Reproductive Qualities of Holstein Cows / N.Yu. Safina, Z.F. Fattakhova, E.R. Gaynutdinova, Sh.K. Shakirov // Russian Agricultural Sciences. – 2023. – Vol. 49, No. 4. – P. 430-434.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safina N.Yu., Fattakhova Z.F., Gaynutdinova E.R., Shakirov Sh.K. Association of Coenzyme Q9 (COQ9) Gene Polymorphism with Traits of Reproductive Qualities of Holstein Cows // Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2023. 49(4):430-434. DOI 10.3103/S1068367423040146.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shormanova M. Development of alternative diagnosis of HH1, HH3, HH5 and HCD fertility haplotypes and subfertility syndrome in cattle / M. Shormanova, A. Makhmutov, A. Shormanova et al. // Reprod Dom Anim. – 2024. – 59:e14533.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shormanova M., Makhmutov A., Shormanova A., Muslimova Z., Ussenbekov Y. Development of alternative diagnosis of HH1, HH3, HH5 and HCD fertility haplotypes and subfertility syndrome in cattle // Reprod Domest Anim. 2024. 59(1):e14533. DOI: 10.1111/rda.14533</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sudhakar A. Role of genetic introgression in introducing mutant alleles in Bos indicus cattle and prevalence of lethal genetic disorders in Bos taurus × Bos indicus and Bos indicus cattle in India / A. Sudhakar, Nilesh Nayee, Sujit Saha et al. // Tropical Animal Health and Production. – 2023. – 55:399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sudhakar A., Nayee N., Saha S., Donthula S.K., Poojara H.V., Gohil T., Patel A.C., Maurya B.K. Role of genetic introgression in introducing mutant alleles in Bos indicus cattle and prevalence of lethal genetic disorders in Bos taurus × Bos indicus and Bos indicus cattle in India // Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2023. 55:399. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03798-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">VanRaden P.M. Harmful recessive effects on fertility detected by absence of homozygous haplotypes / P.M. VanRaden, K.M. Olson, D.J. Null et al. // Journal of Dairy Science. – 2011a. – Vol. 94. – P. 6153 –6161 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4624</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">VanRaden P.M., Olson K.M., Null D.J., Hutchison J.L. Harmful recessive effects on fertility detected by absence of homozygous haplotypes // Journal of Dairy Science. 2011a. 94:6153–6161 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4624</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">VanRaden P.M. Reporting of Haplotypes with Recessive Effects on Fertility / P.M. VanRaden, D.J. Null, K.M. Olson et al. // Proceedings of the 2011 Interbull meeting. – 2011b. – No 44. – P. 117-121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">VanRaden P.M., Olson K.M., Null D.J., Hutchison J.L. Reporting of Haplotypes with Recessive Effects on Fertility // Proceedings of the 2011 Interbull meeting. 2011b. 44:117-121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
