<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2024.3.287</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1473</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОХИМИЯ, АНАТОМИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOCHEMISTRY, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Низшие обезьяны как модельный объект изучения дегенеративно-дистрофических изменений позвоночника у человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Monkeys as a model object for studying degenerativedystrophic alteration in the human spine</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-1702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оганесян</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oganesyan</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оганесян А.О. – мл. науч. сотр. лаборатории патологической анатомии Курчатовского комплекса медицинской приматологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oganesyan A.O. – ml. scientific. sotr. Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy of the Kurchatov Complex of Medical Primatology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5346-7646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панченко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panchenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панченко А.В. – д-р мед. наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии Курчатовского комплекса медицинской приматологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Panchenko A.V. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Kurchatov Complex of Medical Primatology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9440-5145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесник</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnik</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колесник Ю.А. – лаборант-исследователь лаборатории патологической анатомии Курчатовского комплекса медицинской приматологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kolesnik Yu.A. - Laboratory assistant researcher of the Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy of the Kurchatov Complex of Medical Primatology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">j.kolesnick2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-6801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Губский</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gubsky</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Губский И.Л. – канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаборатории нейрорегенерации</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gubsky I.L. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, art. scientific. sotr. Neuroregeneration Laboratories</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-4245</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баклаушев</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baklaushev</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баклаушев В.П. – д-р мед. наук, заместитель генерального директора по научной работе и медицинским технологиям </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Baklaushev V.P. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director General for Scientific Work and Medical Technologies</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4681-7783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильязянц</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyazyants</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильязянц Д.А. – мл. науч. сотр. лаборатории патологической анатомии Курчатовского комплекса медицинской приматологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilyazyants D.A. – Jr. scientific. sotr. laboratories of pathological Anatomy of the Kurchatov Complex of Medical Primatology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-3423</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестаков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шестаков В.А. – канд. ветеринар. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаборатории патологической анатомии Курчатовского комплекса медицинской приматологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shestakov V.A. – st cand. Veterinarian of Sciences, art. scientific. sotr. laboratories of pathological anatomy of the Kurchatov Complex of Medical Primatology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-2198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радомская</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radomskaya</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Радомская Е.Ю. – врач-патологоанатом лаборатории патологической анатомии лаборатории патологической анатомии Курчатовского комплекса медицинской приматологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radomskaya E. Yu. – pathologist of the Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy of the Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy of the Kurchatov Complex of Medical Primatology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1739-8505</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булгин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulgin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Булгин Д.В. – канд. мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. лаборатории патологической анатомии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bulgin D.V. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Ved. sci. sotr. Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Курчатовский комплекс медицинской приматологии ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kurchatov Complex of Medical Primatology, National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>287</fpage><lpage>300</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Оганесян А.О., Панченко А.В., Колесник Ю.А., Губский И.Л., Баклаушев В.П., Ильязянц Д.А., Шестаков В.А., Радомская Е.Ю., Булгин Д.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Оганесян А.О., Панченко А.В., Колесник Ю.А., Губский И.Л., Баклаушев В.П., Ильязянц Д.А., Шестаков В.А., Радомская Е.Ю., Булгин Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Oganesyan A.O., Panchenko A.V., Kolesnik Y.A., Gubsky I.L., Baklaushev V.P., Ilyazyants D.A., Shestakov V.A., Radomskaya E.Y., Bulgin D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1473">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1473</self-uri><abstract><p>Дегенеративно–дистрофические изменения позвоночника (ДДИП) – хроническая прогрессирующая патология, характеризующаяся изменениями межпозвонковых дисков, суставов, связочного аппарата, костной ткани позвонков; проявляющаяся тяжелыми ортопедическими, неврологическими и висцеральными нарушениями. Получение и всесторонне изучение моделей ДДИП на животных имеет важное значение для разработки методов профилактики и лечения данной патологии у человека. Идеальная животная модель ДДИП должна иметь морфологические проявления и биомеханические характеристики аналогичные человеку. Низшие обезьяны – единственные из всех видов экспериментальных животных, наиболее близко стоящие к людям по своим анатомо-физиологическим и генетическим характеристикам, считаются «лабораторными двойниками» человека, вызывают особый интерес у исследователей. Низшие обезьяны по строению позвоночника и двигательному поведению очень похожи на человека. Полученные нами результаты свидетельствуют о большой схожести дегенеративно-дистрофических процессов в позвоночнике у обезьян и у людей. Обезьяны подвержены дегенеративно-дистрофическим процессам во всех отделах позвоночника (даже в хвостовом отделе), несмотря на проноградную статику и отсутствие вертикальных нагрузок. Развитие ДДИП у обезьян зависит от возраста, как и у людей: большинство обезьян с такими поражениями являются взрослыми или старыми животными. Частота обнаружения ДДИП по результатам аутопсий (собственные данные) и похожие патологические изменения в позвоночнике на макро- и микроскопических уровнях свидетельствует о возможности использования, исследованных нами видов обезьян, в качестве естественной модели для изучения аналогичной патологии у человека.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Degenerative-dystrophic alteration in the spine (DDAS) is a chronic progressive pathology characterized by changes in the intervertebral discs, joints, ligaments, and bone tissue of the vertebrae; manifested by severe orthopedic, neurological and visceral disorders. Obtaining and comprehensively studying animal models of DDAS is important for the development of methods for the prevention and treatment of this pathology in humans. An ideal animal model of DDAS should have morphological manifestations and biomechanical characteristics similar to humans. Monkeys are the only species of experimental animals that are closest to humans in their anatomical, physiological and genetic characteristics; they are considered «laboratory doubles» of humans and are of particular interest to researchers. The monkeys are very similar to humans in the structure of the spine and motor behavior. Our results indicate a great similarity of degenerative-dystrophic processes in the spine in monkeys and in humans. Monkeys are susceptible to degenerative-dystrophic processes in all parts of the spine (even in the caudal region), despite pronograde statics and the absence of vertical loads. The development of DDAS in monkeys is age dependent, as is the case in humans: most monkeys with such lesions are adults or geriatric animals. The frequency of detection of DDAS based on autopsy results (our own data) and similar pathological changes in the spine at macroand microscopic levels indicate the possibility of using the monkey species we studied as a natural model for studying similar pathology in humans.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дегенеративно-дистрофические изменения позвоночника</kwd><kwd>низшие обезьяны</kwd><kwd>животная модель</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>degenerative-dystrophic alteration in the spine</kwd><kwd>monkeys</kwd><kwd>animal model</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа проведена в рамках выполнения Государственного задания ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the State assignment National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шпагин М.В., Яриков А.В., Назмеев И.А., Горелов С.А., Фраерман А.П. Опыт денервации дугоотростчатых суставов поясничного отдела позвоночника. Хирургия позвоночника. 2019;16(1):57–62. doi: 10.14531/ss2019.1.57-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shpagin M.V., Yarikov A.V., Nazmeev I.A., Gorelov S.A., Fraerman A.P. The experience of denervation of facet joints in the lumbar spine. Russian Journal of Spine Surgery (Khirurgiya Pozvonochnika). 2019; 16 (1):57-62. https://doi.org/10.14531/ss2019.1.57-62</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаманович А.И., Кулеш С.Д. Неврологические проявления дегенеративно - дистрофических поражений пояснично - крестцового отдела позвоночника. Медицинские новости. 2023;340(1):10-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gamanovich A.I., Kulesh S.D. Nevrologicheskie proyavleniya degenerativno - distroficheskih porazhenij poyasnichno - krestcovogo otdela pozvonochnika. Medicinskie novosti. 2023;340(1):10-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подымова И.Г., Данилов А.Б. Фасетсиндром. Русский медицинский журнал.2014; 22(32):47–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Podymova I.G., Danilov A.B. Fasetsindrom. Russkij medicinskij zhurnal.2014; 22(32):47–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рамих Э. А. Краткий очерк анатомофункциональных особенностей позвоночника. Хирургия позвоночника. 2007;2:77-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramih E. A. Kratkij ocherk anatomofunkcional'nyh osobennostej pozvonochnika. Hirurgiya pozvonochnika. 2007;2:77-95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nachemson AL. Newest knowledge of low back pain. A critical look. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992 Jun;(279):8-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nachemson AL. Newest knowledge of low back pain. A critical look. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992 Jun;(279):8-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boos N, Weissbach S, Rohrbach H, Weiler C, Spratt KF, Nerlich AG. Classification of age-related changes in lumbar intervertebral discs: 2002 Volvo Award in basic science. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002 Dec 1;27(23):2631-44. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200212010-00002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boos N, Weissbach S, Rohrbach H, Weiler C, Spratt KF, Nerlich AG. Classification of age-related changes in lumbar intervertebral discs: 2002 Volvo Award in basic science. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002 Dec 1;27(23):2631-44. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200212010-00002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raj PP. Intervertebral disc: anatomyphysiology-pathophysiology-treatment. Pain Pract. 2008 Jan-Feb;8(1):18-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2007.00171.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raj PP. Intervertebral disc: anatomyphysiology-pathophysiology-treatment. Pain Pract. 2008 Jan-Feb;8(1):18-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2007.00171.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fine N, Lively S, Séguin CA, Perruccio AV, Kapoor M, Rampersaud R. Intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis: a common molecular disease spectrum. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2023 Mar;19(3):136-152. doi: 10.1038/s41584-022-00888-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fine N, Lively S, Séguin CA, Perruccio AV, Kapoor M, Rampersaud R. Intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis: a common molecular disease spectrum. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2023 Mar;19(3):136-152. doi: 10.1038/s41584-022-00888-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Urban JP, Roberts S. Development and degeneration of the intervertebral discs. Mol Med Today. 1995 Oct;1(7):329-35. doi: 10.1016/s1357-4310(95)80032-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urban JP, Roberts S. Development and degeneration of the intervertebral discs. Mol Med Today. 1995 Oct;1(7):329-35. doi: 10.1016/s1357-4310(95)80032-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi YS. Pathophysiology of degenerative disc disease. Asian Spine J. 2009 Jun;3 (1):39-44. doi: 10.4184/asj.2009.3.1.39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi YS. Pathophysiology of degenerative disc disease. Asian Spine J. 2009 Jun;3 (1):39-44. doi: 10.4184/asj.2009.3.1.39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palepu V, Kodigudla M, Goel VK. Biomechanics of disc degeneration. Adv Orthop. 2012;2012:726210. doi: 10.1155/2012/726210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palepu V, Kodigudla M, Goel VK. Biomechanics of disc degeneration. Adv Orthop. 2012;2012:726210. doi: 10.1155/2012/726210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garfin Sr, Herkowitz H. Lumbar disc degeneration: normal aging or a disease process? In: Wiesel SW, Weinstein JN, Herkowitz H, Dvorak J, Bell G., editors. The lumbar spine. Philadelphia: WB Saunders;1996. p 458–473.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garfin Sr, Herkowitz H. Lumbar disc degeneration: normal aging or a disease process? In: Wiesel SW, Weinstein JN, Herkowitz H, Dvorak J, Bell G., editors. The lumbar spine. Philadelphia: WB Saunders;1996. p 458–473.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benoist M. Natural history of the aging spine. Eur Spine J. 2003 Oct;12 Suppl 2 (Suppl 2):S86-9. doi: 10.1007/s00586-003-0593-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benoist M. Natural history of the aging spine. Eur Spine J. 2003 Oct;12 Suppl 2 (Suppl 2):S86-9. doi: 10.1007/s00586-003-0593-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyu FJ, Cui H, Pan H, Mc Cheung K, Cao X, Iatridis JC, Zheng Z. Painful intervertebral disc degeneration and inflammation: from laboratory evidence to clinical interventions. Bone Res. 2021 Jan 29;9(1):7. doi: 10.1038/s41413-020-00125-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyu FJ, Cui H, Pan H, Mc Cheung K, Cao X, Iatridis JC, Zheng Z. Painful intervertebral disc degeneration and inflammation: from laboratory evidence to clinical interventions. Bone Res. 2021 Jan 29;9(1):7. doi: 10.1038/s41413-020-00125-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiler C, Nerlich AG, Zipperer J, Bachmeier BE, Boos N. 2002 SSE Award Competition in Basic Science: expression of major matrix metalloproteinases is associated with intervertebral disc degradation and resorption. Eur Spine J. 2002 Aug;11(4):308-20. doi: 10.1007/s00586-002-0472-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiler C, Nerlich AG, Zipperer J, Bachmeier BE, Boos N. 2002 SSE Award Competition in Basic Science: expression of major matrix metalloproteinases is associated with intervertebral disc degradation and resorption. Eur Spine J. 2002 Aug;11(4):308-20. doi: 10.1007/s00586-002-0472-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roberts S, Evans H, Trivedi J, Menage J. Histology and pathology of the human intervertebral disc. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Apr;88 Suppl 2:10-4. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.F.00019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roberts S, Evans H, Trivedi J, Menage J. Histology and pathology of the human intervertebral disc. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Apr;88 Suppl 2:10-4. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.F.00019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh K, Masuda K, An HS. Animal models for human disc degeneration. Spine J. 2005;5:S267‐S279. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2005.02.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh K, Masuda K, An HS. Animal models for human disc degeneration. Spine J. 2005;5:S267‐S279. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2005.02.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vincent K, Mohanty S, Pinelli R, Bonavita R, Pricop P, Albert TJ, et al. Aging of mouse intervertebral disc and association with back pain. Bone. 2019 Jun;123:246-259. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vincent K, Mohanty S, Pinelli R, Bonavita R, Pricop P, Albert TJ, et al. Aging of mouse intervertebral disc and association with back pain. Bone. 2019 Jun;123:246-259. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alini M, Eisenstein SM, Ito K, Little C, Kettler AA, Masuda K, et al. Are animal models useful for studying human disc disorders/degeneration? Eur Spine J. 2008 Jan;17 (1):2-19. doi: 10.1007/s00586-007-0414-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alini M, Eisenstein SM, Ito K, Little C, Kettler AA, Masuda K, et al. Are animal models useful for studying human disc disorders/degeneration? Eur Spine J. 2008 Jan;17 (1):2-19. doi: 10.1007/s00586-007-0414-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goel SA, Varghese V, Demir T. Animal models of spinal injury for studying back pain and SCI. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2020 Sep-Oct;11(5):816-821. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.07.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goel SA, Varghese V, Demir T. Animal models of spinal injury for studying back pain and SCI. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2020 Sep-Oct;11(5):816-821. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.07.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee NN, Salzer E, Bach FC, Bonilla AF, Cook JL, Gazit Z, et al. A comprehensive tool box for large animal studies of intervertebral disc degeneration. JOR Spine. 2021 Jun 14;4(2):e1162. doi: 10.1002/jsp2.1162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee NN, Salzer E, Bach FC, Bonilla AF, Cook JL, Gazit Z, et al. A comprehensive tool box for large animal studies of intervertebral disc degeneration. JOR Spine. 2021 Jun 14;4(2):e1162. doi: 10.1002/jsp2.1162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poletto DL, Crowley JD, Tanglay O, Walsh WR, Pelletier MH. Preclinical in vivo animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration. Part 1: A systematic review. JOR Spine. 2022 Dec 20;6(1):e1234. doi: 10.1002/jsp2.1234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poletto DL, Crowley JD, Tanglay O, Walsh WR, Pelletier MH. Preclinical in vivo animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration. Part 1: A systematic review. JOR Spine. 2022 Dec 20;6(1):e1234. doi: 10.1002/jsp2.1234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hickman TT, Rathan-Kumar S, Peck SH. Development, Pathogenesis, and Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc: Current and Future Insights Spanning Traditional to Omics Methods. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Mar 11;10:841831. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841831.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hickman TT, Rathan-Kumar S, Peck SH. Development, Pathogenesis, and Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc: Current and Future Insights Spanning Traditional to Omics Methods. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Mar 11;10:841831. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841831.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lim KZ, Daly CD, Ghosh P, Jenkin G, Oehme D, Cooper-White J, Naidoo T, Goldschlager T. Ovine Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Utilizing a Lateral Retroperitoneal Drill Bit Injury. J Vis Exp. 2017 May 25;(123):55753. doi: 10.3791/55753.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lim KZ, Daly CD, Ghosh P, Jenkin G, Oehme D, Cooper-White J, Naidoo T, Goldschlager T. Ovine Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Utilizing a Lateral Retroperitoneal Drill Bit Injury. J Vis Exp. 2017 May 25;(123):55753. doi: 10.3791/55753.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лапин Б.А., Джикидзе Э.К., Фридман Э.П. Руководство по медицинской приматологии. М.; Медицина, 1987: 192 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapin B.A., Dzhikidze E.K., Fridman E.P. Rukovodstvo po medicinskoj primatologii. M.; Medicina, 1987: 192 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oichi T, Taniguchi Y, Oshima Y, Tanaka S, Saito T. Pathomechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration. JOR Spine. 2020 Feb 13;3(1):e1076. doi: 10.1002/jsp2.1076.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oichi T, Taniguchi Y, Oshima Y, Tanaka S, Saito T. Pathomechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration. JOR Spine. 2020 Feb 13;3(1):e1076. doi: 10.1002/jsp2.1076.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang J, Zhu P, Pan X, Yang J, Wang S, Wang W, et al. Correlation between motor behavior and age-related intervertebral disc degeneration in cynomolgus monkeys. JOR Spine. 2022 Jan 1;5(1):e1183. doi: 10.1002/jsp2.1183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang J, Zhu P, Pan X, Yang J, Wang S, Wang W, et al. Correlation between motor behavior and age-related intervertebral disc degeneration in cynomolgus monkeys. JOR Spine. 2022 Jan 1;5(1):e1183. doi: 10.1002/jsp2.1183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lauerman WC, Platenberg RC, Cain JE, Deeney VF. Age-related disk degeneration: preliminary report of a naturally occurring baboon model. J Spinal Disord. 1992 Jun;5 (2):170-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lauerman WC, Platenberg RC, Cain JE, Deeney VF. Age-related disk degeneration: preliminary report of a naturally occurring baboon model. J Spinal Disord. 1992 Jun;5 (2):170-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bailey JF, Fields AJ, Liebenberg E, Mattison JA, Lotz JC, Kramer PA. Comparison of vertebral and intervertebral disc lesions in aging humans and rhesus monkeys. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014 Jul;22(7):980-5. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bailey JF, Fields AJ, Liebenberg E, Mattison JA, Lotz JC, Kramer PA. Comparison of vertebral and intervertebral disc lesions in aging humans and rhesus monkeys. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014 Jul;22(7):980-5. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simmons HA. Age-Associated Pathology in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). Vet Pathol. 2016 Mar;53(2):399-416. doi: 10.1177/0300985815620628.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simmons HA. Age-Associated Pathology in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). Vet Pathol. 2016 Mar;53(2):399-416. doi: 10.1177/0300985815620628.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
