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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2024.4.43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1504</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение влияния пробиотических штаммов рода Bacillus на состояние внутренних органов и гуморальный иммунитет Coturnix coturnix и Mus musculus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>To study the effect of probiotic strains of the genus Bacillus on the state of internal organs and humoral immunity of Coturnix coturnix and Mus musculus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0354-1697</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ан</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>An</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ан К.В. – мл. науч. сотр. сектора молекулярной биологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>An K.V. – Junior Researcher, Molecular Biology Sector</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0860-1778</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миронова Т.Е. – мл. науч. сотр. сектора молекулярной биологии, научный сотрудник Центра ветеринарной иммубиологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mironova T.E. – Junior Researcher, Molecular Biology Sector, Researcher, Center for Veterinary Immunology and Biotechnology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-4485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кильп</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kilp</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кильп А.С. – науч. сотр. сектора молекулярной биологии, руководитель Центра ветеринарной иммунобиологии и биотехнологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kilp A.S. – Researcher, Molecular Biology Sector, Head of Center for Veterinary Immunology and Biotechnology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bobikova.anna97@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-4733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афонюшкин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afonyushkin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афонюшкин В.Н. – канд. биол. наук, зав. сектором молекулярной биологии, доц. кафедры микробиологии и гигиены животных </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Afonyushkin V.N. – PhD in Biology, Head of Molecular Biology Sector, Assoc. Prof., Department of Animal Microbiology and Hygiene</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афонюшкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afonyushkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афонюшкин А.В. – студ.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Afonyushkin A.V. – student</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Сибирский федеральный центр агробиотехнологий СФНЦА РАН»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBUN "Siberian Federal Center for Agrobiotechnology SFNCA RAS"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Сибирский федеральный центр агробиотехнологий СФНЦА РАН»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный аграрный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBUN "Siberian Federal Center for Agrobiotechnology SFNCA RAS";&#13;
FGBOU VO "Novosibirsk State Agrarian University"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный аграрный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBOU VO "Novosibirsk State Agrarian University"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ан К.В., Миронова Т.Е., Кильп А.С., Афонюшкин В.Н., Афонюшкин А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ан К.В., Миронова Т.Е., Кильп А.С., Афонюшкин В.Н., Афонюшкин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">An K.V., Mironova T.E., Kilp A.S., Afonyushkin V.N., Afonyushkin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1504">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1504</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследования микроорганизмов рода Bacillus открывают широкие возможности для применения пробиотических штаммов в различных областях биотехнологии. Микроорганизмы рода Bacillus проявляют противоаллергическое и антиоксидантное действие, а также производят антибактериальные вещества, бактериоцины и ферменты, что делает их перспективными для применения в качестве биодобавок в сельском хозяйстве и пищевой промышленности. Пробиотики на основе Bacillus, особенно в споровой форме, обладают устойчивостью к агрессивным условиям и способны активировать неспецифический клеточный иммунный ответ. В нашем исследовании мы оценивали 5 культур микроорганизмов рода Bacillus для разработки пробиотических препаратов, с фокусом на стимуляцию гуморального антигенного ответа. Исследования проводили на перепелах Coturnix coturnix породы Техас (в возрасте 14 суток), птиц разделили на 5 опытных групп и 1 контрольную(n=7), а также на мышах ICR (CD-1), которых делили на одну опытную группу и одну контрольную (n=8). Изучали антагонистическую, гемолитическую, галактозидазную и ДНКазную активности, а также чувствительность к канамицину. Проводили скрининг иммуногенности и инвазивности культур методом оценки сывороток в иммунофлуоресцентной реакции агглютинации. Определяли длину кишечных ворсинок у опытных животных, а также взвешивали органы для определения массовых коэффициентов. Выявлено, что штамм B. halotolerans №5.6 способствует увеличению длины кишечных ворсинок у перепелов, но не влияет на слизистую оболочку у мышей. Наши исследования подтвердили, что многие штаммы B. subtilis обладают инвазивностью, что считается основным фактором, определяющим их иммуностимулирующие эффекты. Это свойство также полезно для доставки вакцинных антигенов через слизистые оболочки, однако результаты показали, что иммуногенность и способность преодолевать пищевую толерантность у B. subtilis не зависят исключительно от инвазивности. Другие виды Bacillus, такие как B. halotolerans, могут быть перспективными для разработки пробиотиков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Studies of Bacillus microorganisms open up broad opportunities for the use of probiotic strains in various fields of biotechnology. Bacillus microorganisms exhibit antiallergic and antioxidant effects, and produce antibacterial substances, bacteriocins and enzymes, which makes them promising for use as dietary supplements in agriculture and the food industry. Bacillus-based probiotics, especially in spore form, are resistant to aggressive conditions and are able to activate a nonspecific cellular immune response. In our study, we evaluated 5 cultures of Bacillus microorganisms for the development of probiotic drugs, with a focus on stimulating the humoral antigen response. The studies were conducted on Coturnix coturnix quails of the Texas breed (aged 14 days), the birds were divided into 5 experimental groups and 1 control (n = 7), as well as on ICR mice (CD1), which were divided into one experimental group and one control (n = 8). Antagonistic, hemolytic, galactosidase and DNase activities, as well as sensitivity to kanamycin, were studied. Immunogenicity and invasiveness of cultures were screened by evaluating sera in the immunofluorescence agglutination reaction. The length of intestinal villi in experimental animals was determined, and organs were weighed to determine mass coefficients. It was found that B. halotolerans strain No. 5.6 effectively lengthens intestinal villi in quails, but does not affect the mucous membrane in mice. Our studies confirmed that many B. subtilis strains are invasive, which is considered to be the main factor determining their immunostimulatory effects. This property is also useful for delivering vaccine antigens through mucous membranes, but the results showed that immunogenicity and the ability to overcome food tolerance in B. subtilis do not depend solely on invasiveness. Other Bacillus species, such as B. halotolerans, may hold promise for probiotic development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бактерии</kwd><kwd>Bacillus</kwd><kwd>споровые пробиотические препараты</kwd><kwd>энтероинвазивность</kwd><kwd>иммуногенность</kwd><kwd>иммунофлуоресцентная реакция агглютинации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bacteria</kwd><kwd>Bacillus</kwd><kwd>spore probiotic preparations</kwd><kwd>enteroinvasiveness</kwd><kwd>immunogenicity</kwd><kwd>immunofluorescence agglutination reaction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорова О. В. и др. 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