<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2024.4.82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1508</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ, ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ, ФАРМАЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY, PHARMACY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние Биферона-Б и Энрофлоксаветферона-Б на микробиоту маточно-вагинальных выделений коров, больных эндометритом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of Viferon-B and Enrofloxavetferon-B on the microbiota of utero-vaginal secretions of cows with endometritis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9028-0613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыромятников</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syromyatnikov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сыромятников М.Ю. – канд. биол. наук, доц., вед. науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Syromyatnikov M.Yu. – PhD in Biological Sciences, Associate Professor,Leading Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mihan.vrn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1173-1565</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гладких</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gladkikh</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гладких М.И. – мл. науч. сотр.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gladkikh M.I. – Junior Researcher </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0075-9170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>П. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>P. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозова П.Д. – мл. науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Morozova P.D. –Junior Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-0845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буракова</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burakova</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буракова И.Ю. – мл. науч. сотр.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Burakova I.Yu.  – Junior Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9684-4045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалев</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhalev</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михалев В.И. – д-р ветеринар. наук, гл. науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhalev V.I. – PhD in Veterinary Sciences, Сhief Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУВО «Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий»;&#13;
ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт патологии, фармакологии и терапии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology;&#13;
All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУВО «Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт патологии, фармакологии и терапии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сыромятников М.Ю., Гладких М.И., Морозова П.Д., Буракова И.Ю., Михалев В.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сыромятников М.Ю., Гладких М.И., Морозова П.Д., Буракова И.Ю., Михалев В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Syromyatnikov M.Y., Gladkikh M.I., Morozova P.D., Burakova I.Y., Mikhalev V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1508">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1508</self-uri><abstract><p>Эндометрит является одним из самых часто выявляемых заболеваний крупного рогатого скота, который связан с нарушениями микробного баланса полости матки. Данный патологический процесс приводит к нарушениям фертильности животных, а, следовательно, к экономическому ущербу молочной промышленности. В связи с этим важно своевременно проводить профилактические мероприятия и иметь эффективные лекарственные средства для терапии послеродового эндометрита. Целью данного исследования явилась оценка влияния препаратов на основе бычьего рекомбинантного интерферона «Биферон-Б» и «Энрофлоксаветферон-Б» на таксономический состав бактерий маточно-вагинальных выделений больных острым послеродовым гнойно-катаральным эндометритом коров методом высокопроизводительного секвенирования. В ходе работы установлено, что доминирующими видами в полости матки больных эндометритом коров были Porphyromonas levii, Bacteroides heparinolyticus и Fusobacterium necrophorum. В маточновагинальных выделениях выявлены бактериальные таксоны, способные вызывать различные заболевания крупного рогатого скота. Выявлено, что терапия коров с применением препарата «Биферон-Б» через сутки привела к тенденции роста численности Caviibacter abscessus, Mycoplasmopsis californica и Histophilus somni. Выявлены статистически достоверные различия численности Porphyromonas SGB1983 до терапии (0,9%) и после терапии «Энрофлоксаветферона-Б» в течение первых суток (9,6%) (р&lt;0,05). Исследование микробного разнообразия маточно-вагинальных выделений коров при терапии «Энрофлоксаветфероном-Б» на седьмой день установило тенденцию снижения относительной обильности бактерий Bacteroides heparinolyticus, Trueperella pyogenes и Mycoplasmopsis californica. Полученные данные расширяют представления об этиологии острого послеродового гнойно-катарального эндометрита коров и влиянии препаратов на основе видоспецифичных интерферонов на течение данного заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Endometritis is one of the most frequently detected diseases of cattle, which is associated with disturbances in the microbial balance of the uterine cavity. This pathological process leads to disturbances in animal fertility, and, consequently, to economic losses in the dairy industry. In this regard, it is important to carry out timely preventive measures and have effective drugs for the treatment of postpartum endometritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of drugs based on bovine recombinant interferon "Biferon-B" and "EnrofloxacinferonB" on the taxonomic composition of bacteria in the uterine-vaginal discharge of patients with acute postpartum catarrhal endometritis of cows using high-throughput sequencing. It was found that the dominant species in the uterine cavity of cows with endometritis were Porphyromonas levii, Bacteroides heparinolyticus and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Bacterial taxa capable of causing various cattle diseases were detected in uterovaginal secretions. It was found that therapy of cows with the drug "Biferon-B" after 24 hours led to a tendency to increase the number of Caviibacter abscessus, Mycoplasmopsis californica and Histophilus somni. Statistically significant differences were found in the number of Porphyromonas SGB1983 before therapy (0.9%) and after therapy with "Enrofloxacinferon-B" during the first 24 hours (9.6%) (p&lt;0.05). The study of the microbial diversity of utero-vaginal secretions of cows during therapy with "Enrofloxacinferon-B" on the seventh day established a tendency to decrease the relative abundance of bacteria Bacteroides heparinolyticus, Trueperella pyogenes and Mycoplasmopsis californica. The obtained data expand our understanding of the etiology of acute postpartum catarrhal endometritis in cows and the effect of drugs based on species-specific interferons on the course of this disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндометрит</kwd><kwd>«Биферон-Б»</kwd><kwd>«Энрофлоксаветферон-Б»</kwd><kwd>коровы</kwd><kwd>маточно-вагинальные выделения</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endometrit</kwd><kwd>«Biferon-B»</kwd><kwd>«Enrofloxavalentferon-B»</kwd><kwd>cows</kwd><kwd>uterovaginal discharge</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (проект FZGW2024-0003).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project FZGW-2024-0003).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai X.S. Changes in bacterial community composition in the uterus of Holstein cow with endometritis before and after treatment with oxytetracycline / X.S. Cai, H. Jiang, J. Xiao [et al.] // Scientific Reports. ‒ 2024. ‒ Vol. 14, ‒ №1. ‒ 9511 p. ‒ DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-59674-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai X.S. Changes in bacterial community composition in the uterus of Holstein cow with endometritis before and after treatment with oxytetracycline / X.S. Cai, H. Jiang, J. Xiao [et al.] // Scientific Reports. 2024:14 (1):9511. ‒ DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-59674-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шабунин С.В. Проблемы профилактики бесплодия у высокопродуктивного молочного скота / С.В. Шабунин, А.Г. Нежданов, Ю.Н. Алехин // Ветеринария. ‒ 2011. ‒ Т. 2. ‒ С. 3-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shabunin S.V. Problems of infertility prevention in highly productive dairy cattle / S.V. Shabunin, A.G. Nejdanov, Yu.N. Alekhine // Veterinary medicine. 2011:2:3-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garoussi M.T. Mycoflora of cervicovaginal fluids in dairy cows with or without reproductive disorders / M.T. Garoussi, A.R. Khosrave, P. Havareshti Mycopathologia // ‒ 2007. ‒ Vol. 164, ‒ № 2. ‒ P. 97-100. ‒ DOI 10.1007/s11046-007-9031-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garoussi M.T. Mycoflora of cervicovaginal fluids in dairy cows with or without reproductive disorders / M.T. Garoussi, A.R. Khosrave, P. Havareshti Mycopathologia // 2007:164(2):97-100. ‒ DOI 10.1007/s11046-007-9031-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frazier K. Endometritis in postparturient cattle associated with bovine herpesvirus-4 infection: 15 cases / K. Frazier, M. Pence, M.J. Mauel [et al.] // Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic. ‒ 2001. ‒ Vol. 13, № 6. ‒P. 502- 8. ‒ DOI 10.1177/104063870101300608.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frazier K. Endometritis in postparturient cattle associated with bovine herpesvirus-4 infection: 15 cases / K. Frazier, M. Pence, M.J. Mauel [et al.] // Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic. 2001:13(6)502-8. ‒ DOI 10.1177/104063870101300608.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilbert R.O. Management of reproductive disease in dairy cows / R.O. Gilbert // Veterinary Clinics of North America. ‒ 2016. ‒ Vol. 32, ‒ № 2. ‒ P. 387-410. ‒ DOI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.01.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilbert R.O. Management of reproductive disease in dairy cows / R.O. Gilbert // Veterinary Clinics of North America. 2016:32 (2):387-410. ‒ DOI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.01.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Çömlekcioğlu U. Uterine microbial ecology and disease in cattle: a review / U. Çömlekcioğlu, S. Jezierska, G. Opsomer // Theriogenology. ‒ 2024. ‒ Vol. 213. ‒ P. 66-78. ‒ DOI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.09.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Çömlekcioğlu U. Uterine microbial ecology and disease in cattle: a review / U. Çömlekcioğlu, S. Jezierska, G. Opsomer // Theriogenology. 2024:213:66-78. ‒ DOI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.09.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang J. Comparison of vaginal microbial community structure in healthy and endometritis dairy cows by PCR-DGGE and realtime PCR / J. Wang, C. Sun, C. Liu [et al.] // Anaerobe. ‒ 2016. ‒ Vol. 38. ‒ P. 1-6. ‒ DOI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.11.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang J. Comparison of vaginal microbial community structure in healthy and endometritis dairy cows by PCR-DGGE and realtime PCR / J. Wang, C. Sun, C. Liu [et al.] // Anaerobe. 2016:38:1-6. ‒ DOI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.11.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bretzlaff K. Rationale for treatment of endometritis in the dairy cow / K. Bretzlaff // Veterinary Clinics of North America. ‒ 1987. ‒ Vol. 3, ‒ №3. ‒ P. 593-607. ‒ DOI 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)31132-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bretzlaff K. Rationale for treatment of endometritis in the dairy cow / K. Bretzlaff // Veterinary Clinics of North America. 1987:3 (3):593-607. ‒ DOI 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)31132-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Болотова В. С. Комплексный способ лечения коров при хроническом эндометрите. / В. С. Болотова, В. И. Михалев, О. А. Манжурина // Ветеринарный фармакологический вестник. ‒ 2023. ‒ Т. 21, ‒ № 4 ‒ С. 143 ‒ 149. ‒ DOI 10.17238/issn2541-8203.2023.3.143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolotova V. S. Complex method of treatment of cows with chronic endometritis. / V. S. Bolotova, V. I. Mikhalev, O. A. Manzhurina // Veterinary Pharmacological Bulletin. 2023:21(4):143-149. ‒ DOI 10.17238/issn2541-8203.2023.3.143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brick T.A. Effect of intrauterine dextrose or antibiotic therapy on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows diagnosed with clinical endometritis / T.A. Brick, G.M. Schuenemann, S.J. Bas [et al.] // Journal of Dairy Science. ‒ 2012. ‒ Vol. 95, ‒ № 4. ‒ P. 1894-905. ‒ DOI 10.3168/jds.2011-4892.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brick T.A. Effect of intrauterine dextrose or antibiotic therapy on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows diagnosed with clinical endometritis / T.A. Brick, G.M. Schuenemann, S.J. Bas [et al.] // Journal of Dairy Science. 2012:95(4):1894-905. ‒ DOI 10.3168/jds.2011-4892.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang D. Trueperella pyogenes isolated from dairy cows with endometritis in Inner Mongolia, China: Tetracycline susceptibility and tetracycline-resistance gene distribution / D. Zhang, J. Zhao, Q. Wang [et al.] // Microbial Pathogenesis. ‒ 2017. ‒ Vol. 105. ‒ P. 51-56. ‒ DOI 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang D. Trueperella pyogenes isolated from dairy cows with endometritis in Inner Mongolia, China: Tetracycline susceptibility and tetracycline-resistance gene distribution / D. Zhang, J. Zhao, Q. Wang [et al.] // Microbial Pathogenesis. 2017:105:51-56. ‒ DOI 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacca S. Interferon gamma-mediated BoHV-4 replication restriction in bovine endometrial stromal cells is host IDO1 gene expression independent and BoHV-4 IE2 gene expression dependent / S. Jacca, V. Franceschi, M. Agosti [et al.] // Biology of Reproduction. ‒ 2014. ‒ Vol. 91, ‒ № 5. ‒ P. 112. ‒ DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.114.123000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacca S. Interferon gamma-mediated BoHV-4 replication restriction in bovine endometrial stromal cells is host IDO1 gene expression independent and BoHV-4 IE2 gene expression dependent / S. Jacca, V. Franceschi, M. Agosti [et al.] // Biology of Reproduction. 2014:91:5:112. ‒ DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.114.123000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cunha F. Quantifying known and emerging uterine pathogens, and evaluating their association with metritis and fever in dairy cows / F. Cunha, S.J. Jeon, R. Daetz [et al.] // Theriogenology. ‒ 2018. ‒ Vol. 114. ‒ P. 25-33. ‒ DOI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cunha F. Quantifying known and emerging uterine pathogens, and evaluating their association with metritis and fever in dairy cows / F. Cunha, S.J. Jeon, R. Daetz [et al.] // Theriogenology. 2018:114.25-33. ‒ DOI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bemis D.A. Isolation and identification of Caviibacter abscessus from cervical abscesses in a series of pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) / D.A. Bemis, B.H. Johnson, M.J. Bryant [et al.] // Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. ‒ 2016. ‒ Vol. 28, ‒ №6. ‒ P. 763-769. ‒ DOI 10.1177/1040638716665660.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bemis D.A. Isolation and identification of Caviibacter abscessus from cervical abscesses in a series of pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) / D.A. Bemis, B.H. Johnson, M.J. Bryant [et al.] // Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 2016:28(6):763-769. ‒ DOI 10.1177/1040638716665660.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gelgie A.E. Mycoplasma bovis mastitis / A.E. Gelgie, M.G. Korsa, O. Kerro Dego // Current Research in Microbial Sciences. ‒ 2022. ‒Vol. 3: ‒ 100123 p. ‒ DOI 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gelgie A.E. Mycoplasma bovis mastitis / A.E. Gelgie, M.G. Korsa, O. Kerro Dego // Current Research in Microbial Sciences. 2022:3:100123. ‒ DOI 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Machado V.S. Subcutaneous immunization with inactivated bacterial components and purified protein of Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Trueperella pyogenes prevents puerperal metritis in Holstein dairy cows / V.S. Machado, M.L. Bicalho, E.B. Meira Junior [et al.] // PLoS One. ‒ 2014. ‒ Vol. 9, ‒ № 3. ‒ e91734 p. ‒ DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0091734.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Machado V.S. Subcutaneous immunization with inactivated bacterial components and purified protein of Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Trueperella pyogenes prevents puerperal metritis in Holstein dairy cows / V.S. Machado, M.L. Bicalho, E.B. Meira Junior [et al.] // PLoS One. 2014:9(3):e91734. ‒ DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0091734.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szenci O. Co-infection with bovine herpesvirus 4 and Histophilus somni significantly extends the service period in dairy cattle with purulent vaginal discharge / O. Szenci, G. Sassi, L. Fodor [et al.] // Reproduction in Domestic Animals. ‒ 2016. ‒ Vol. 51, ‒ № 1. ‒ P. 143-9. ‒ DOI 10.1111/rda.12658.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szenci O. Co-infection with bovine herpesvirus 4 and Histophilus somni significantly extends the service period in dairy cattle with purulent vaginal discharge / O. Szenci, G. Sassi, L. Fodor [et al.] // Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 2016:51(1):143-9. ‒ DOI 10.1111/rda.12658.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cunha F. Sequencing and characterization of Helcococcus ovis: a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of virulence / F. Cunha, S. Casaro, K.L. Jones [et al.] // BMC Genomics. ‒ 2023. ‒ Vol. 24, ‒ №1. ‒ 501 p. ‒ DOI 10.1186/s12864-023-09581-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cunha F. Sequencing and characterization of Helcococcus ovis: a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of virulence / F. Cunha, S. Casaro, K.L. Jones [et al.] // BMC Genomics. 2023:24(1):501. ‒ DOI 10.1186/s12864-023-09581-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elad D. Bovine necrotic vulvovaginitis associated with Porphyromonas levii / D. Elad, O. Friedgut, N. Alpert [et al.] // Emerging Infectious Diseases. ‒ 2004. ‒ Vol. 10, ‒ №3. ‒ P. 505-7. ‒ DOI: 10.3201/eid1003.020592.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elad D. Bovine necrotic vulvovaginitis associated with Porphyromonas levii / D. Elad, O. Friedgut, N. Alpert [et al.] // Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2004:10 (3):505-7. ‒ DOI: 10.3201/eid1003.020592.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
