<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2024.4.539</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1564</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКУШЕРСТВО, ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Переживаемость спермы жеребцов в разных разбавителях при охлаждении до 4-5°C</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>STALLION SPERM SURVIVAL IN VARIOUS EXTENDERS WHEN COOLING AT 4-5°C</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-5277</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никиткина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitkina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никиткина Е.В. – канд. биол. наук., лаборатория биологии развития </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikitkina E.V. – Ph.D. biological sciences, laboratory of developmental biology </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitkinae@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding — Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>539</fpage><lpage>546</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никиткина Е.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никиткина Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitkina E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1564">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1564</self-uri><abstract><p>60 процентов искусственных осеменений лошадей в мире проводится с использованием охлажденной спермы, так как ее оплодотворяющая способность выше, чем криоконсервированной (источники). Однако, время хранения охлажденной спермы ограничено несколькими часами (источники). Использование разбавителей продлевает сохранность биологической полноценности спермы в охлажденном виде (источники). В проведенном исследовании оценивалась переживаемость и морфология охлажденной спермы жеребцов при использовании 4 разбавителей: ЛХЦЖ, рекомендованного ВНИИ коневодства; Кении, применяемый за рубежом; разбавитель для охлаждения спермы ВНИИГРЖ; опытный, на основе ТРИС и фруктозы. В результате обнаружена достоверная разница показателей общей и прогрессивной подвижности спермы, разбавленной опытной и остальными средами при хранении 24, 48 (Р˂0,05) и 72 часа (Р˂0,01). После хранения в течении 72 часов сперма, разбавленная опытным разбавителем, имела общую подвижность в среднем выше 50%, а прогрессивную 48,2±3,67%, (тогда как ГОСТ имеет следующие показатели: ХХХХХХ), что позволяет использовать ее для искусственного осеменения. Оценка морфологии сперматозоидов показала сохранность спермиев при хранении 72 часов охлажденном виде при использовании 4-х разбавителей. Результаты исследования показали, что возможно сохранение показателей качества спермы необходимых для искусственного осеменения с применением существующих разбавителей в течении 48 часов, а при разбавлении опытным разбавителем в течении 72 часов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Most equine artificial insemination is now carried out using chilled semen, as its fertilizing capacity is higher than cryopreserved semen. However, the possibility of long-term storage of chilled sperm is limited. The use of extenders allows to prolong the preservation of the biological value of chilled sperm. In this study, the survival rate and morphology of chilled stallion sperm were assessed using different extenders. Four extenders were used: LHСZh, recommended by the All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding, Kenny, widely used abroad, extender for cooling sperm of the All -Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding, and an experimental extender based on TRIS and fructose. A reliable difference was observed in the total and progressive motility of sperm diluted with the experimental and other media during storage for 24, 48 (P˂0.05) and 72 hours (P˂0.01). After storage for 72 hours, sperm diluted with the experimental extender had an average total motility over 50% and a progressive motility 48.2±3.67%, which makes it possible to use it for artificial insemination. Evaluation of sperm morphology showed good preservation of cells during 72-hour storage at 4-5 0C when using all extenders. The results of this study showed preservation of sperm quality necessary for artificial insemination for 48 hours, and when diluted with the experimental extender for 72 hours.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сперма</kwd><kwd>жеребцы</kwd><kwd>разбавители</kwd><kwd>прогрессивная подвижность</kwd><kwd>акросомы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>semen</kwd><kwd>stallions</kwd><kwd>extenders</kwd><kwd>progressive motility</kwd><kwd>acrosomes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства образования и науки, проект № 124020200127-7</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science, project No. 124020200127-7</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henry, A.M.S. Factors associated with successful homologous artificial insemination / A.M.S.Henry, O.E. Raphael, and A.M.M Carmen //Gynecol. Reprod. Health. - 2019. - № 3(2). – C. 1-5. www.scivisionpub.com/pdfs/factorsassociated-to-successful-homologousartificial-insemination-682.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henry, A.M.S. Factors associated with successful homologous artificial insemination / A.M.S.Henry, O.E. Raphael, and A.M.M Carmen //Gynecol. Reprod. Health.2019: 3(2):1-5. www.scivisionpub.com/pdfs/factorsassociated-to-successful-homologousartificial-insemination-682.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bustani, G.S. Semen extenders: An evaluative overview of preservative mechanisms of semen and semen extenders / G.S. Bustani, F.H. Baiee // Veterinary World. – 2021. - № 14(5). – C.1220-1233. www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1220-1233</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bustani, G.S. Semen extenders: An evaluative overview of preservative mechanisms of semen and semen extenders / G.S. Bustani, F.H. Baiee // Veterinary World. 2021:14 (5):1220-1233. www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1220-1233</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kowalczyk, A. Factors Influencing the Popularity of Artificial Insemination of Mares in Europe / A. Kowalczyk, E. Czerniawska-Piątkowska, M. Kuczaj // Animals. - 2019. - №9. -C. 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9070460</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kowalczyk, A. Factors Influencing the Popularity of Artificial Insemination of Mares in Europe / A. Kowalczyk, E. Czerniawska-Piątkowska, M. Kuczaj // Animals. 2019:9:460. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9070460</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu, C.H. Effects of pH during liquid storage of goat semen on sperm viability and fertilizing potential / C.H. Liu, H.B Dong, D.L Ma, Y.W. Li, D. Han, M.J. Luo, J.H. Tan //Anim. Reprod. Sci. – 2016. - № 164 (1). – С. 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.11.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu, C.H. Effects of pH during liquid storage of goat semen on sperm viability and fertilizing potential / C.H. Liu, H.B Dong, D.L Ma, Y.W. Li, D. Han, M.J. Luo, J.H. Tan //Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2016:164(1):47-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.11.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mousavi, S.M. Comparison of two different antioxidants in a nano lecithin-based extender for bull sperm cryopreservation / S.M. Mousavi, A. Towhidi, M. Zhandi, G. Amoabediny, A. MohammadiSangcheshmeh, M.Sharafi, S.M.H. Hussaini // Anim. Reprod. Sci. – 2019. - № 209(10). – C.106171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106171</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mousavi, S.M. Comparison of two different antioxidants in a nano lecithin-based extender for bull sperm cryopreservation / S.M. Mousavi, A. Towhidi, M. Zhandi, G. Amoabediny, A. MohammadiSangcheshmeh, M.Sharafi, S.M.H. Hussaini // Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2019:209 (10):106171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106171</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohamed, M.Y. Influence of adding different energy sources to the bull and ram spermatozoa exposed to different refrigerating times / M.Y. Mohamed, A.M. Abd ElHafeez, A.M. Shaarawy // Egypt. J. Sheep Goats Sci. – 2019. - № 14(2). – C. 1-18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohamed, M.Y. Influence of adding different energy sources to the bull and ram spermatozoa exposed to different refrigerating times / M.Y. Mohamed, A.M. Abd ElHafeez, A.M. Shaarawy // Egypt. J. Sheep Goats Sci. 2019:14(2):1-18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schulze, M. Antibiotics and their alternatives in artificial breeding in livestock / M. Schulze, E. Nitsche-Melkus, B. Hensel, M. Jung, U. Jakop // Anim. Reprod. Sci. – 2020. - № 220(9). – С. 106284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106284</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schulze, M. Antibiotics and their alternatives in artificial breeding in livestock / M. Schulze, E. Nitsche-Melkus, B. Hensel, M. Jung, U. Jakop // Anim. Reprod. Sci.2020: 220(9):106284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106284</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hameed, N. Effects of different extenders, storage temperatures, and antioxidant supplementation on chilled semen quality: a review / N. Hameed, S. Akhter, J.M.G. Souza-Fabjan, M. Zubair, M. Irfan-Ur-Rehman Khan // Trop Anim Health Prod. – 2024. - № 56(2). – С.85. doi: 10.1007/s11250-024-03930-2. PMID: 38386220.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hameed, N. Effects of different extenders, storage temperatures, and antioxidant supplementation on chilled semen quality: a review / N. Hameed, S. Akhter, J.M.G. Souza-Fabjan, M. Zubair, M. Irfan-Ur-Rehman Khan // Trop Anim Health Prod. 2024:56 (2):85. doi: 10.1007/s11250-024-03930-2. PMID: 38386220.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filho, I.C.B. Skim milk-egg yolk-based semen extender compensates for nonenzymatic antioxidant activity loss during equine semen cryopreservation / I.C.B. Filho, C.D. Pederzolli, A.M. Sgaravatti, R.M Gregory, C.S.D. Filho, M.I.M. Jobim, R.C. Mattos // Anim. Reprod. – 2018. - № 6(2). – С. 392-399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filho, I.C.B. Skim milk-egg yolk based semen extender compensates for nonenzymatic antioxidant activity loss during equine semen cryopreservation / I.C.B. Filho, C.D. Pederzolli, A.M. Sgaravatti, R.M Gregory, C.S.D. Filho, M.I.M. Jobim, R.C. Mattos // Anim. Reprod. 2018:6(2): 392-399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neuhauser, S. Comparison of the effects of five semen extenders on the quality of frozen-thawed equine epididymal sperm / S. Neuhauser, H. Bollwein, M. Siuda, J. Handler // J. Equine Vet. Sci. – 2019. - № 79(8). – C. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.05.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neuhauser, S. Comparison of the effects of five semen extenders on the quality of frozen-thawed equine epididymal sperm / S. Neuhauser, H. Bollwein, M. Siuda, J. Handler // J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2019:79(8):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.05.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никиткина Е.В. Разбавитель (среда) ВНИИГРЖ для хранения спермы жеребцов при 4-5оС Патент на изобретение RU 2610554 C, 13.02.2017. Заявка № 2015149452 от 17.11.2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitkina E.V. Extender (medium) VNIIGRZH for storing stallion sperm at 4-5 °C Patent for invention RU 2610554 C, 13.02.2017. Application No. 2015149452 dated 17.11.2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Batellier, F. Advances in cooled semen technology /F. Batellier, M. Vidament, J. Fauquant, G. Duchamp, G. Arnaud, J.M. Yvon, M. Magistrini // Animal Reproduction Science. – 2001. - № 68 (3–4). – С.181-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(01)00155-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batellier, F. Advances in cooled semen technology /F. Batellier, M. Vidament, J. Fauquant, G. Duchamp, G. Arnaud, J.M. Yvon, M. Magistrini // Animal Reproduction Science. 2001:68 (3–4):181-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(01)00155-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Batellier, F. Effect of milk fractions on survival of equine spermatozoa. / F. Batellier, M. Magistrini, J. Fauquant, E. Palmer // Theriogenology. – 1997. - № 48 (3). – С. 391-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(97)00250-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batellier, F. Effect of milk fractions on survival of equine spermatozoa. / F. Batellier, M. Magistrini, J. Fauquant, E. Palmer // Theriogenology. 1997:48 (3):391-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(97)00250-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">du Plessis, S.S. Oxidative phosphorylation versus glycolysis: What fuel do spermatozoa use? / S.S. du Plessis, A. Agarwal, G. Mohanty, M.Van der Linde // Asian J. Androl. – 2015. - №17(2). – С.230-235. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.135123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">du Plessis, S.S. Oxidative phosphorylation versus glycolysis: What fuel do spermatozoa use? / S.S. du Plessis, A. Agarwal, G. Mohanty, M.Van der Linde // Asian J. Androl. 2015:17(2):230-235. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.135123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikitkina, E. Assessment of Semen Respiratory Activity of Domesticated Species before and after Cryopreservation: Boars, Bulls, Stallions, Reindeers and Roosters / E. Nikitkina, I. Shapiev, A. Musidray, A. Krutikova, K. Plemyashov, S. Bogdanova, V. Leibova, G. Shiryaev, J. Turlova // Vet. Sci. – 2022. - № 9. – C.513. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100513</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitkina, E. Assessment of Semen Respiratory Activity of Domesticated Species before and after Cryopreservation: Boars, Bulls, Stallions, Reindeers and Roosters / E. Nikitkina, I. Shapiev, A. Musidray, A. Krutikova, K. Plemyashov, S. Bogdanova, V. Leibova, G. Shiryaev, J. Turlova // Vet. Sci. 2022:9:513. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100513</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cantanhêde, L.F. Use of alternative extender added of fructose aiming the cryopreservation of boar semen / L.F. Cantanhêde, E.N. de Freitas, T.B. Barros, D.B. Guimarães, A.V. Dias, R. Toniolli // Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. – 2018. - №55(1) – С.1 -10. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2018.115739</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cantanhêde, L.F. Use of alternative extender added of fructose aiming the cryopreservation of boar semen / L.F. Cantanhêde, E.N. de Freitas, T.B. Barros, D.B. Guimarães, A.V. Dias, R. Toniolli // Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. 2018:55:1-10. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2018.115739</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Атрощенко М.М., Калашников В.В., Брагина Е.Е., Зайцев А.М. Сравнительное изучение ультраструктуры сперматозоидов в эпидидимальной, эякулированной и криоконсервированной сперме жеребцов / М.М. Атрощенко, В.В. Калашников, Е.Е Брагина, А.М. Зайцев// Сельскохозяйственная биология. - 2017. - Т. 52. - № 2. - С. 274-281. https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2017.2.274rus</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atroschenko M.M., Kalashnikov V.V., Bragina E.E., Zaitsev A.M. Comparative study of sperm ultrastructure in epididymal, ejaculated and cryopreserved sperm of stallions / M.M. Atroschenko, V.V. Kalashnikov, E.E. Bragina, A.M. Zaitsev // Agricultural biology. 2017: 52:2:274-281. https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2017.2.274eng</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
