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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2025.1.94</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1622</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бешенство лошадей в европейских печатных источниках в XVII веке</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horse rabies in European printed sources in the 17th century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7120-8955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноходова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinokhodova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виноходова М.В. – канд. ветеринар. наук, доц. каф. организации, экономики и управления ветеринарным делом </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vinokhodova M. V. – PhD of Veterinary Sciences, Assistant Professor, Department of Organization, Economics and Management of Veterinary Affairs </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hscmvmv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1811-6186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярощук</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaroshchuk</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярощук А.И. – канд. ветеринар. наук, асс. каф. организации, экономики и управления ветеринарным делом </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroshchuk A. I. – PhD of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Organization, Economics and Management of Veterinary Affairs</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Виноходова М.В., Ярощук А.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Виноходова М.В., Ярощук А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vinokhodova M.V., Yaroshchuk A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1622">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1622</self-uri><abstract><p>В странах Европы и в России до второй половины ХХ века лошадь (в Испании также ослы и мулы) являлась не только главной рабочей силой, но и необходимым звеном для обеспечения транспортировки и ведения войн. В изученных нами источниках по ветеринарной медицине XVII века упоминается бешенство лошадей, присутствуют основные теории его возникновения и распространения, а также несколько вариантов лечения. Эти данные позволяют оценить представления того времени о возникновении, развитии и распространении бешенства среди лошадей и некоторых других животных. Целью нашего исследования было выявить представления о возникновении и распространении бешенства, в частности у лошадей, а также о способах его лечения и борьбы с ним в печатных источниках XVII века на английском, испанском и латинском языках. Нами было установлено, что во всех изученных источниках бешенству посвящены отдельные главы, в которых описана действительно очень сходная с бешенством клиническая картина. Также нами установлено, что основными причинами бешенства действительно считали «ядовитую слюну», которая передавалась при укусах, а затем воздействовала на «гуморы» таким образом, что животное начинало «сходить с ума». По причине отсутствия многих знаний об этиологии, патогенезе и исходе болезни, доступных нам сейчас, в XVII веке в испано-, латино- и англоязычных странах, лошадей пытались лечить от бешенства, что несомненно должно было приводить к заражению людей и других животных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In European countries and in Russia until the second half of the 20th century, horses (in Spain also donkeys and mules) were not only the main labor force, but also a necessary link for ensuring transportation and waging wars. The sources on veterinary medicine of the 17th century that we studied mention equine rabies, present the main theories of its origin and spread, as well as several treatment options. These data allow us to evaluate the ideas of that time about the origin, development and spread of rabies among horses and some other animals. The aim of our study was to identify ideas about the origin and spread of rabies, in particular in horses, as well as about the methods of its treatment and control in 17th century printed sources in English, Spanish and Latin. We found that in all the sources studied, separate chapters are devoted to rabies, which describe a clinical picture that is really very similar to rabies. We also found that the main causes of rabies were indeed considered to be "poisonous saliva", which was transmitted by bites, and then affected the "humors" in such a way that the animal began to "go crazy". Due to the lack of much knowledge about the etiology, pathogenesis and outcome of the disease available to us now, in the 17th century in Spanish, Latin and English-speaking countries, horses were being treated for rabies, which undoubtedly should have led to infection of humans and other animals.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бешенство</kwd><kwd>заразные болезни животных</kwd><kwd>лошади</kwd><kwd>история ветеринарии</kwd><kwd>XVII век</kwd><kwd>водобоязнь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rabies</kwd><kwd>infectious animal diseases</kwd><kwd>horses</kwd><kwd>history of veterinary medicine</kwd><kwd>17th century</kwd><kwd>hydrophobia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Приказ от 25.11.2020 года №705 Об утверждении Ветеринарных правил осуществления профилактических, диагностических, ограничительных и иных мероприятий, установления и отмены карантина и иных ограничений, направленных на предотвращение распространения и ликвидацию очагов бешенства [Электронный русурс]. 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