<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2025.1.186</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1633</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООГИГИЕНА, САНИТАРИЯ, КОРМЛЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ZOOHYGIENE, SANITATION, FEEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние нанокомпозита AG-C на рост и показатели крови карпа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of AG-C nanocomposite on the growth and blood parameters of carp</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2385-264X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Килякова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kilyakova</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Килякова Ю.В. – канд. биол. наук, доц., доц. каф. биотехнологии животного сырья и аквакультуры</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kilyakova Y.V. – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Biotechnology of Animal Raw Materials and Aquaculture </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fish-ka06@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3804-5151</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирошникова</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miroshnikova</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мирошникова Е.П. – д-р биол. наук, проф., зав. каф. биотехнологии животного сырья и аквакультуры</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Miroshnikova E.P. – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Biotechnology of Animal Raw Materials and Aquaculture </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6534-7118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аринжанов</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arinzhanov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аринжанов А.Е. – канд. с-х. наук, доц., доц. каф. биотехнологии животного сырья и аквакультуры</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arinzhanov A.E. – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Biotechnology of Animal Raw  Materials and Aquaculture</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-1312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мингазова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mingazova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мингазова М.С. – асс. каф. биотехнология животного сырья и аквакультуры </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mingazova M.S. – Assistant of the Department of Biotechnology of Animal Raw Materials and Aquaculture </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Orenburg State University”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>186</fpage><lpage>194</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Килякова Ю.В., Мирошникова Е.П., Аринжанов А.Е., Мингазова М.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Килякова Ю.В., Мирошникова Е.П., Аринжанов А.Е., Мингазова М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kilyakova Y.V., Miroshnikova E.P., Arinzhanov A.E., Mingazova M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1633">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1633</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены результаты влияния нанокомпозита серебра на рост и показатели крови карпа. В течение восьми недель рыбы опытных групп в качестве кормовой добавки к основному рациону получали Ag-C в дозировках 0,1 ppm и 0,8 ppm. Нанокомпозит серебра оказал отрицательное влияние на рост молоди карпа. К концу эксперимента I группа, получавшая нанокомпозит Ag-C в дозировке 0,1 ppm, отставала в росте от контрольной группы на 48,9 %, а II группа, получавшая нанокомпозит Ag- C в дозировке 0,8 ppm, отставала в росте от контрольной группы на 12,7 %. Снижение количества лейкоцитов и повышение количества эритроцитов, гемоглобина, гематокрита, тромбоцитов в I группе свидетельствует об усилении метаболических процессов и окислительно-восстановительных реакций, антибактериальном эффекте серебра, а также указывает на стрессовую реакцию организма на токсическое воздействие. Уровни мочевины, креатинина и мочевой кислоты достоверно превосходили контрольные значения в опытных группах, что связано с активацией процессов снижения токсического влияния серебра на организм карпа. По показателям крови в нашем исследовании виден антибактериальный и токсический эффект серебра. Устраняя болезнетворную микрофлору в организме, нанокомпозит Ag-C также оказывал сильное токсическое воздействие.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the results of the effect of silver nanocomposite on growth and blood parameters of carp. During eight weeks fish of experimental groups received Ag-C in doses of 0.1 ppm and 0.8 ppm as a feed additive to the main diet. Silver nanocomposite had a negative effect on the growth of juvenile carp. By the end of the experiment, Group I, which received Ag-C nanocomposite at a dosage of 0.1 ppm, was 48.9 % behind the control group in growth, and Group II, which received Ag-C nanocomposite at a dosage of 0.8 ppm, was 12.7 % behind the control group in growth. Decrease in the number of leukocytes and increase in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, thrombocytes in group I indicates an increase in metabolic processes and redox reactions, antibacterial effect of silver, as well as indicates the stress response of the body to toxic exposure. The levels of urea, creatinine and uric acid significantly exceeded the control values in the experimental groups, which is associated with the activation of the processes of reducing the toxic effect of silver on the body of carp. The antibacterial and toxic effect of silver can be seen from the blood parameters in our study. Eliminating pathogenic microflora in the body, Ag-C nanocomposite also had a strong toxic effect</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>карп</kwd><kwd>кормление</kwd><kwd>нанокомпозит серебра</kwd><kwd>морфологические и биохимические показатели крови</kwd><kwd>динамика роста</kwd><kwd>кормовые добавки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carp</kwd><kwd>feeding</kwd><kwd>silver nanocomposite</kwd><kwd>morphological and biochemical blood parameters</kwd><kwd>growth dynamics</kwd><kwd>feed additives</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 23-76-10054</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 23-76-10054.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khursheed, S. Biogenic silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, applications and challenges in food sector with special emphasis on aquaculture / S. Khursheed et al. // Food Chem X. – 2023. - Dec 7;20:101051. DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101051.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khursheed, S. Biogenic silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, applications and challenges in food sector with special emphasis on aquaculture / S. Khursheed et al. // Food Chem X. – 2023. - Dec 7;20:101051. DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101051.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ажмулдинов, Е.А. Использование наночастиц серебра в кормлении животных и птицы // Е.А. Ажмулдинов, М.А. Кизаев, М.Г. Титов, И.А. Бабичева Вестник Пермского института ФСИН России. - 2019. - № 3 (34). - С. 73-78.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azhmuldinov, E.A. Use of silver nanoparticles in animal and poultry feeding // E.A. Azhmuldinov, M.A. Kizaev, M.G. Titov, I.A. Babicheva Bulletin of the Perm Institute of FSIN of Russia. - 2019. - № 3 (34). - Рр. 73-78.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аринжанова, М.С. Биологическое действие ультрадисперсных частиц SiO2, пробиотического препарата Бифидобиом и комплекса микроэлементов на организм карпа / М.С. Аринжанова [и др.] // Животноводство и кормопроизводство. – 2023. – Т. 106. – № 1. – С. 48–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arinzhanova, M.S. Biological effect of ultradisperse SiO2 particles, probiotic preparation Bifidobiom and complex of microelements on the carp organism / M.S. Arinzhanova [et al.] // Animal husbandry and fodder production. - 2023. - Т. 106. - № 1. - Рр. 48-66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Килякова, Ю.В. Влияние фитобиотических кормовых добавок на рост и морфо-биохимические показатели крови рыб / Ю.В. Килякова [и др.] // Животноводство и кормопроизводство. – 2022. – Т. 105. – № 3. – С. 115–125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kilyakova, Yu.V. Influence of phytobiotic feed additives on growth and morphobiochemical parameters of fish blood / Yu.V. Kilyakova [et al.] // Animal husbandry and fodder production. - 2022. - Т. 105. - № 3. - Рр. 115-125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мирошникова М.С. Применение антибиотиков в сельском хозяйстве и альтернативы их использования / М.С. Мирошникова [и др.] // Аграрный научный журнал. – 2021. – № 5. – С. 65–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miroshnikova, M.S. The use of antibiotics in agriculture and alternatives to their use / M.S. Miroshnikova [et al.] // Agrarny nauchnyi zhurnal. - 2021. - № 5. - Рр. 65-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лебедева, Т.И. Влияние ветеринарных препаратов на основе наночастиц микроэлементов на здоровье животных и качество продукции // Т.И. Лебедева, И.А. Красочко, П.А. Красочко // Вестник АПК Верхневолжья. - 2021. - № 2 (54). - С. 73-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedeva, T.I. Effect of veterinary drugs based on nanoparticles of trace elements on animal health and product quality // T.I. Lebedeva, I.A. Krasochko, P.A. Krasochko // Vestnik AIC Verkhnevolzhye. - 2021. - № 2 (54). - Рр. 73-79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michalak, I. The effect of metalcontaining nanoparticles on the health, performance and production livestock animals and poultry / I. Michalak et al. // Vet Q. – 2022. - Dec;42(1):68-94. DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2022.2073399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michalak, I. The effect of metalcontaining nanoparticles on the health, performance and production livestock animals and poultry / I. Michalak et al. // Vet Q. – 2022. - Dec;42(1):68-94. DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2022.2073399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khursheed, S. Biogenic silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, applications and challenges in food sector with special emphasis on aquaculture / S. Khursheed et al. // Food Chem X. 2023. - Dec 7;20:101051. DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101051. eCollection 2023 Dec 30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khursheed, S. Biogenic silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, applications and challenges in food sector with special emphasis on aquaculture / S. Khursheed et al. // Food Chem X. 2023. - Dec 7;20:101051. DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101051. eCollection 2023 Dec 30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma, N. Behavioural changes, DNA damage and histological alterations in Labeo rohita fingerlings in response to organiccoated silver nanoparticles / N. Sharma et al. // Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. – 2024. - Jul;31(35):47789-47800. DOI:10.1007/s11356-024-34360-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma, N. Behavioural changes, DNA damage and histological alterations in Labeo rohita fingerlings in response to organiccoated silver nanoparticles / N. Sharma et al. // Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. – 2024. - Jul;31(35):47789-47800. DOI:10.1007/s11356-024-34360-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мирошникова, Е.П. Практикум по кормлению рыб / Е.П. Мирошникова, М.В. Клычкова, А.Е. Аринжанов. - М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. образоват. учреждение высш. образования "Оренбург. гос. Ун-т". - Оренбург: ОГУ. - 2016. – 127 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miroshnikova, E.P. Practicum on fish feeding / E.P. Miroshnikova, M.V. Klychkova, A.E. Arinzhanov. - Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. Federation, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Orenburg State University”. - Orenburg: OGU. - 2016. - 127 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Басонов, О.А. Сравнительная характеристика гематологических показателей осетровых разных генотипов, выращенных в условиях замкнутого водоснабжения / О.А. Басонов, А.В. Судакова // Известия Оренбургского государственного аграрного университета. - 2022. - № 4 (96). - С. 330-334.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basonov, O.A. Comparative characteristics of hematological parameters of sturgeons of different genotypes grown under conditions of closed water supply / O.A. Basonov, A.V. Sudakova // Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universitet. - 2022. - № 4 (96). - Рр. 330-334.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылова, Т.Г. Влияние комбинированного стресса на гематологические показатели карпа (Cyprinus carpio) / Т.Г. Крылова, Д.И. Сафронов, Г.С. Крылов, П.В. Докучаев // Ученые записки учреждения образования УО ВГАВМ. – 2021. – Т.57. - №4. – С. 78-82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krylova, T.G. Influence of combined stress on hematological indices of carp (Cyprinus carpio) / T.G. Krylova, D.I. Safronov, G.S. Krylov, P.V. Dokuchaev // Scientific notes of the educational institution UE VGAVM. - 2021. - Т.57. - №4. - Рр. 78-82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohammad, A. Impact of polyvinyl chloride microplastic and paraquat herbicide on the blood cells, biochemical parameters, liver enzymes and morphological changes of aqueduct fish / А. Mohammad, H. S. Mohammad, K. Javad // Chemosphere. - 2024. - Aug:362:142643. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142643.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohammad, A. Impact of polyvinyl chloride microplastic and paraquat herbicide on the blood cells, biochemical parameters, liver enzymes and morphological changes of aqueduct fish / А. Mohammad, H. S. Mohammad, K. Javad // Chemosphere. - 2024. - Aug:362:142643.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Килякова, Ю.В. Биологическое действие нанокомпозита Zn-C на организм рыб / Ю.В. Килякова, Е.П. Мирошникова, А.Е. Аринжанов, М.С. Мингазова // Известия Нижневолжского агроуниверситетского комплекса: Наука и высшее профессиональное образование. - 2024. - № 5 (77). - С. 249-255. DOI: 10.32786/2071-9485-2024-05.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kilyakova, Yu.V. Biological effect of nanocomposite Zn-C on fish organism / Yu.V. Kilyakova, E.P. Miroshnikova, A.E. Arinzhanov, M.S. Mingazova // Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: Science and Higher Professional Education. - 2024. - № 5 (77). - Рр. 249-255.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахметова, В.В. Оценка морфологической и биохимической картины крови карповых рыб, выращиваемых в ООО «Рыбхоз» Ульяновского района Ульяновской области / В.В. Ахметова, С.Б. Басина // Вестник Ульяновской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии. – 2015. - №3(31). – С. 53-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhmetova, V.V. Evaluation of morphological and biochemical blood picture of carp fishes grown in LLC “Rybkhoz” of Ulyanovsky district of Ulyanovsk region / V.V. Akhmetova, S.B. Basina // Bulletin of the Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy. Akhmetova, S.B. Basina // Bulletin of the Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy. - 2015. - №3(31). - Рр. 53-58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nabi, N. Hematological and serum biochemical reference intervals of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss cultured in Himalayan aquaculture: Morphology, morphometrics and quantification of peripheral blood cells / N. Nabi, I. Ahmed, G.B. Wani // Saudi J Biol Sci. – 2022. - Apr;29 (4):2942-2957. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nabi, N. Hematological and serum biochemical reference intervals of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss cultured in Himalayan aquaculture: Morphology, morphometrics and quantification of peripheral blood cells / N. Nabi, I. Ahmed, G.B. Wani // Saudi J Biol Sci. – 2022. - Apr;29 (4):2942-2957.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasan, A.M. Response and recovery of Nile tilapia exposed to diesel oil - Behavioral, hemato-biochemical and morphological changes of erythrocytes / A.M. Hasan, S.R. Ferdous, S.M. Islam, M. Haghiri, M. Shahjahan // Toxicol Rep. – 2022. - Mar 29;9:549-555. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasan, A.M. Response and recovery of Nile tilapia exposed to diesel oil - Behavioral, hemato-biochemical and morphological changes of erythrocytes / A.M. Hasan, S.R. Ferdous, S.M. Islam, M. Haghiri, M. Shahjahan // Toxicol Rep. – 2022. - Mar 29;9:549-555. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva, C.De. The Mechanistic Action of Biosynthesised Silver Nanoparticles and Its Application in Aquaculture and Livestock Industries / C. De Silva et al. // Animals (Basel). – 2021. - Jul 14;11(7):2097. DOI: 10.3390/ani11072097.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva, C.De. The Mechanistic Action of Biosynthesised Silver Nanoparticles and Its Application in Aquaculture and Livestock Industries / C. De Silva et al. // Animals (Basel). – 2021. - Jul 14;11(7):2097.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaalan, M.I. In vitro assessment of the antimicrobial activity of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles against fish pathogens / M.I. Shaalan, M.M. El-Mahdy, S. Theiner, M. El-Matbouli, M. Saleh // Acta Vet Scand. – 2017. - Jul 21;59(1):49. DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0317-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaalan, M.I. In vitro assessment of the antimicrobial activity of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles against fish pathogens / M.I. Shaalan, M.M. El-Mahdy, S. Theiner, M. El-Matbouli, M. Saleh // Acta Vet Scand. – 2017. - Jul 21;59(1):49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumari, P. Nanotechnology: An avenue for combating fish parasites in aquaculture system / P. Kumari, S. Kumar, R.P. Raman, R.K. Brahmchari // Vet Parasitol. – 2024. - Dec;332:110334. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110334.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumari, P. Nanotechnology: An avenue for combating fish parasites in aquaculture system / P. Kumari, S. Kumar, R.P. Raman, R.K. Brahmchari // Vet Parasitol. – 2024. - Dec;332:110334.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
