ivmМеждународный вестник ветеринарииInternational Journal of Veterinary Medicine2072-2419SpbGUVM Publishing House10.52419/issn2072-2419.2025.1.343ivm-1651Research ArticleАКУШЕРСТВО, ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯOBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGYПолиморфизм гена IGF-1 в поголовье коров голштинской породы и быков-производителейPolymorphism of the IGF-1 gene in the livestock of Holstein cows breeds and breeding bullshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-3188СафинаН. Ю.SafinaN. Yu.

Сафина Н.Ю. – канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. 

Safina N.Yu. – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher 

natysafina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9299-2104МуханинаЕ. Н.MukhaninaE. N.

Муханина Е.Н. – канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр.

Mukhanina E.N. – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3362-0463ШакировШ. К.ShakirovSh. K.

Шакиров Ш.К. – д-р с.-х. наук, проф., гл. науч. сотр. 

Shakirov Sh.K. – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-1500ГайнутдиноваЭ. Р.GainutdinovaE. R.

Гайнутдинова Э.Р. – асп., науч. сотр. 

Gainutdinova E.R. – Graduate student, Researcher

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7473-7893ВологинД. С.VologinD. S.

Вологин Д.С. – асп., мл. науч. сотр. 

Vologin D.S. – Graduate student, Junior Researcher

Татарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства ФИЦ КазНЦ РАНРоссияTatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20250306202501343353Copyright © Сафина Н.Ю., Муханина Е.Н., Шакиров Ш.К., Гайнутдинова Э.Р., Вологин Д.С., 20252025Сафина Н.Ю., Муханина Е.Н., Шакиров Ш.К., Гайнутдинова Э.Р., Вологин Д.С.Safina N.Y., Mukhanina E.N., Shakirov S.K., Gainutdinova E.R., Vologin D.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1651

Инсулиноподобный фактор роста-1 (IGF-1), секретируемый в печени, является одним из основных элементов соматотропной оси, вовлечен в многочисленные физиологические процессы, играет роль в контроле лактации, развитии молочной железы и формировании таких важных признаков продуктивности, как рост и репродуктивные качества. Ассоциации полиморфизма гена IGF-1 (T → С 512) изучены и оценены с хозяйственно-полезными признаками у различных пород крупного рогатого скота молочного и мясного направления продуктивности. Исследование, проведенное на поголовье голштинских коров и голштинских, и голштинизированных быков-производителей, позволило установить, что идентифицированные популяции полиморфны, животные представлены тремя генотипами гена IGF-1. Частота встречаемости генотипов гена IGF-1 в поголовье коров составила: AA – 24,7 %, AB и BB – 55,6 и 27,3 %, а у быков-производителей: AA – 31,3 %, AB – 49,9 % и BB – 19,4 %. В обоих случаях наблюдается преобладание «нормального» аллеля над «мутантным», причем в группе быков-производителей аллель A превалирует над аллелем B в большей степени. Проведенный анализ литературных данных указывает на то, что частота встречаемости аллелей (A и B) и генотипов (AA, AB и BB) в популяциях демонстрирует вариативность в зависимости от породы, направления продуктивности и ареала обитания скота.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), secreted in the liver, is one of the major elements of the somatotropic axis, is involved in numerous physiological processes, and plays a role in the control of lactation, mammary gland development, and the formation of important performance traits such as growth and reproductive traits. The associations of IGF-1 gene polymorphism (T → C 512) have been studied and evaluated with economically useful traits in different breeds of dairy and beef cattle. The study carried out on the population of Holstein cows and Holstein and Holsteinized bullssires allowed to establish that the identified populations are polymorphic, the animals are represented by three genotypes of IGF-1 gene. The frequency of occurrence of IGF-1 gene genotypes in the cow population amounted to: AA - 24.7 %, AB and BB - 55.6 and 27.3 %, and in bulls-sires: AA – 31.3 %, AB – 49.3 % and BB – 19.4 %. In both cases, the predominance of the “normal” allele over the “mutant” allele was observed, with the A allele prevailing over the B allele to a greater extent in the group of breeding bulls. The analysis of literature data indicates that the frequency of alleles (A and B) and genotypes (AA, AB and BB) in populations shows variation depending on breed, direction of productivity and habitat of cattle.

геналлельполиморфизмIGF-1инсулиноподобный фактор роста-1скотудоймясная продуктивностьвоспроизводствоgeneallelepolymorphismIGF-1insulin-like growth factor 1cattleyieldmeat productivityreproductive abilityСовершенствование комплексных отечественных технологий селекции, растениеводства и животноводства на основе идентификации высокоценных генотипов, молекулярно-генетических методов, биотехнологий, конструирования адаптивных и высокопродуктивных агробиоценозов и агроэкосистем для производства экологической и функциональной продукции.Improving complex domestic technologies of selection, crop production and livestock production on the basis of identification of high-value genotypes, molecular genetic methods, biotechnologies, design of adaptive and highly productive agrobiocenoses and agroecosystems for the production of ecological and functional products.ReferencesБелая, Е.В., Михайлова М.Е. SnaBI-Полиморфизм гена инсулиноподобного фактора роста (bIGF-I) у крупного рогатого скота / Е.В. 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