ivmМеждународный вестник ветеринарииInternational Journal of Veterinary Medicine2072-2419SpbGUVM Publishing House10.52419/issn2072-2419.2025.2.20ivm-1682Research ArticleИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИINFECTIOUS DISEASESАнализ относительного содержания пробиотических бактерий в кишечнике сельскохозяйственных животных с помощью генетических методовAnalysis of the relative content of probiotic bacteria in the intestines of farm animals using genetic methodshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9028-0613СыромятниковМ. Ю.SyromyatnikovM. Yu.

канд. биол. наук, доц., вед. науч. сотр.

PhD in Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher 

mihan.vrn@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-3547НестероваЕ. Ю.NesterovaE. Yu.

мл. науч. сотр.

Junior Researcher 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1173-1565ГладкихМ. И.GladkikhM. I.

мл. науч. сотр. 

Junior Researcher

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-1325МихайловЕ. В.MikhaylovE. V.

канд. ветеринар. наук, вед. науч. сотр.

PhD in Veterinary Sciences, Leading Researcher

КорнееваО. С.KorneevaO. S.

д-р биол. наук, профессор

PhD in Biological Sciences, Professor

ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий»РоссияVoronezh State University of Engineering TechnologyRussian FederationФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт патологии, фармакологии и терапии» (ФГБНУ «ВНИВИПФиТ»)РоссияAll-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and TherapyRussian Federation202501082025022029Copyright © Сыромятников М.Ю., Нестерова Е.Ю., Гладких М.И., Михайлов Е.В., Корнеева О.С., 20252025Сыромятников М.Ю., Нестерова Е.Ю., Гладких М.И., Михайлов Е.В., Корнеева О.С.Syromyatnikov M.Y., Nesterova E.Y., Gladkikh M.I., Mikhaylov E.V., Korneeva O.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1682

Пробиотики представляют собой микроорганизмы, которые обладают полезными свойствами, способными оказывать благоприятное воздействие на организм-хозяина. Куры, свиньи и крупнорогатый скот представляют собой самых распространенных сельскохозяйственных животных по всему миру. В связи с этим поддержание микробного баланса кишечника является важной задачей для ветеринарии. Ранее было установлено, что для представителей родов Lactobacillus и Bifidobacterium доказана пробиотическая эффективность, а Akkermansia и Faecalibacterium рассматриваются как пробиотики нового поколения. Целью работы является сравнительный анализ кишечного микробиома кур, свиней и крупного рогатого скота на наличие и относительное содержание в нем пробиотических микроорганизмов. Первоначально было показано превалирование филумов бактерий Bacteroides, Firmicutes и Actinobacteria в кишечнике всех исследованных сельскохозяйственных животных. Самым распространенным филумом, выделенным из образцов фекалий кур, оказался филум Firmicutes, в кишечном микробиоме коров и свиней доминировал филум Bacteroides. При анализе относительного содержания протеобактерий было установлено, что кишечный микробиом коров представлен бактериями классов Betaproteobacteria и Epsilonproteobacteria, а у свиней практически исключительно классом Epsilonproteobacteria. В пробах, полученных от свиней, поросят и кур, установлено доминирование бактерий рода Lactobacillus над Bifidobacterium. Одновременное наличие пробиотических бактерий нового поколения – Faecalobacterium prausnitzii и Akkermansia muciniphila идентифицированы только в образцах фекалий, полученных от коров, при этом относительная численность бактерий Akkermansia muciniphila в 50,0 раз превышала число Faecalobacterium prausnitzii в образцах. В фекалиях свиней была идентифицирована бактерия Faecalobacterium prausnitzii, а в фекалиях кур Akkermansia muciniphila. Примечательно, что у поросят возрастом 5-10 суток не было выявлено наличие пробиотиков нового поколения в кишечнике.

Probiotics are microorganisms that have beneficial properties that can have beneficial effects on the host organism. Chickens, pigs, and cattle are the most common farm animals around the world. In this regard, maintaining the microbial balance of the gut is an important task for veterinary medicine. It was previously established that probiotic efficacy has been proven for representatives of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium are considered as probiotics of a new generation. The aim of the work is a comparative analysis of the gut microbiome of chickens, pigs and cattle for the presence and relative content of probiotic microorganisms in it. Initially, the prevalence of phylum Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria in the faeces of all the farm animals studied was shown. The Firmicutes phylum turned out to be the most widespread phylum isolated from chicken fecal samples, while the Bacteroides phylum dominated the gut microbiome of cows and pigs. When analyzing the relative content of proteobacteria, it was found that the intestinal microbiome of cows is represented by bacteria of the classes Betaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria, and in pigs almost exclusively by the class Epsilonproteobacteria. In the samples obtained from pigs, piglets and chickens, the dominance of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus over Bifidobacterium was established. The simultaneous presence of probiotic bacteria of a new generation, Faecalobacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila, was identified only in faecal samples obtained from cows, while the relative abundance of bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila was 50.0 times higher than the number of Faecalobacterium prausnitzii in the samples. The bacterium Faecalobacterium prausnitzii was identified in pig faeces, and Akkermansia muciniphila was identified in chicken faeces. It is noteworthy that the presence of new generation probiotics in the intestines was not detected in piglets aged 5-10 days.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.