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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2025.2.265</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1717</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОХИМИЯ, МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOCHEMISTRY, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дозозависимые морфологические и молекулярно-генетические изменения в почках крыс при хроническом воздействии гидроксида алюминия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dose-dependent morphological and molecular genetic changes in rat kidneys during chronic exposure to aluminum hydroxide</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-8246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якупова</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakupova</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>млад. науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanya.kutlina.92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7957-2399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смолянкин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolyankin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>млад. науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6605-9994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валова</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valova</surname><given-names>Ya. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, зав. лабораторией </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1962-2323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримов</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2117-5419</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулагин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulagin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>graduate student </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-4787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухаммадиева</surname><given-names>Г. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhammadieva</surname><given-names>G. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-6757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримов</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimov</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. отделом</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of Department </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека»;&#13;
ФГБНУ «Национальный НИИ общественного здоровья имени Н.А. Семашко»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology;&#13;
National Research Institute of Public Health named after N.A. Semashko</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>265</fpage><lpage>274</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Якупова Т.Г., Смолянкин Д.А., Валова Я.В., Каримов Д.Д., Кулагин Е.А., Мухаммадиева Г.Ф., Каримов Д.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Якупова Т.Г., Смолянкин Д.А., Валова Я.В., Каримов Д.Д., Кулагин Е.А., Мухаммадиева Г.Ф., Каримов Д.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakupova T.G., Smolyankin D.A., Valova Y.V., Karimov D.D., Kulagin E.A., Mukhammadieva G.F., Karimov D.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1717">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1717</self-uri><abstract><p>Алюминий — один из наиболее распространённых элементов земной коры, активно используемый в промышленности, быту и медицине. Несмотря на широкое применение, его потенциальная токсичность остаётся предметом интенсивных научных исследований и дискуссий. Основными путями поступления алюминия в организм человека являются пищевая продукция, питьевая вода, вдыхаемый воздух и лекарственные препараты, что способствует его накоплению в биологических тканях и увеличивает риск хронической интоксикации. Особенно уязвимыми считаются дети, а также пациенты с нарушенной функцией выделительной системы, в первую очередь почек. Целью настоящего исследования было оценить влияние хронического воздействия гидроксида алюминия на морфологию почек крыс и уровень экспрессии генов Mt1a, Mt2a и Mt3a, с акцентом на выявление дозозависимых эффектов и патогенетических механизмов нефротоксичности. Эксперимент был проведён на 40 самках белых крыс, разделённых на контрольную и четыре опытные группы (по 8 животных). В течение 4 месяцев опытные группы ежедневно получали гидроксид алюминия per os в различных дозах. Оценка токсичности включала количественный анализ экспрессии генов методом ПЦР в реальном времени и гистологическое исследование почечной ткани. Экспрессия Mt2a и Mt3a значимо возрастала при высоких дозах алюминия (p&lt;0,001), тогда как Mt1a проявлял высокую межиндивидуальную вариабельность. Морфологически выявлены признаки интерстициального воспаления, фиброза и хроническо-&gt; &lt; 0,001), тогда как Mt1a проявлял высокую межиндивидуальную вариабельность. Морфологически выявлены признаки интерстициального воспаления, фиброза и хронического гломерулонефрита. Хроническое воздействие гидроксида алюминия индуцирует выраженные дозозависимые морфологические и молекулярные изменения в почках. Гены Mt2a и Mt3a могут рассматриваться в качестве перспективных молекулярных маркеров алюминий-ассоциированной нефротоксичности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aluminum is one of the most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust and is widely used in industry, domestic applications, and medicine. Despite its extensive utilization, its potential toxicity remains a subject of active scientific debate and investigation. The main routes of aluminum entry into the human body include food, drinking water, inhaled air, and pharmaceutical products, all of which contribute to its accumulation in biological tissues and increase the risk of chronic intoxication. Vulnerable populations include children and individuals with impaired renal function, particularly those with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to aluminum hydroxide on kidney morphology and the expression of Mt1a, Mt2a, and Mt3a genes in rats, with an emphasis on identifying dose-dependent effects and elucidating possible mechanisms of nephrotoxicity. The experiment was conducted on 40 female white rats randomly assigned to one control and four experimental groups (8 animals each). Over the course of four months, the experimental groups received aluminum hydroxide orally in varying doses. Toxicity assessment included quantitative real-time PCR analysis of gene expression and histological examination of renal tissue. Significant upregulation of Mt2a and Mt3a was observed at higher aluminum doses (p &lt; 0.001), while Mt1a expression demonstrated high interindividual variability. Histopathological evaluation revealed signs of interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, and chronic glomerulonephritis. Chronic exposure to aluminum hydroxide induces pronounced dosedependent morphological and molecular changes in the kidney. The Mt2a and Mt3a genes may serve as promising molecular biomarkers of aluminum-associated nephrotoxicity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гидроксид алюминия</kwd><kwd>почки</kwd><kwd>хроническая интоксикация</kwd><kwd>нефротоксичность</kwd><kwd>интерстициальный нефрит</kwd><kwd>фиброз</kwd><kwd>гломерулонефрит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aluminum hydroxide</kwd><kwd>kidneys</kwd><kwd>chronic intoxication</kwd><kwd>nephrotoxicity</kwd><kwd>interstitial nephritis</kwd><kwd>fibrosis</kwd><kwd>glomerulonephritis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hachez-Leroy F. Aluminium in health and food: a gradual global approach // Eur. Rev. 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