<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2025.3.231</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1813</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООГИГИЕНА, САНИТАРИЯ, КОРМЛЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ZOOHYGIENE, SANITATION, FEEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Воздействие различных добавок на уровень антибактериальной защиты молоди стерляди</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of various additives on the level of antibacterial protection of juvenile sterlet</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5389-7935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салов</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salov</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мл. науч. сотр. лаборатории иммунологии, магистрант 1 курса факультета ветеринарии и зоотехнии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9086-1688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микряков</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikryakov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. н., вед. науч. сотр., зав. лабораторией иммунологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>head of laboratory immunology, candidate of Biology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2683-0453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медников</surname><given-names>П. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mednikov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный рыбовод </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>chief fish farmer </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Институт биологии внутренних вод им. И.Д. Папанина РАН;&#13;
ГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный аграрный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Yaroslavl State Agrarian UniversityResearch and Production Company</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Институт биологии внутренних вод им. И.Д. Папанина РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО Научно-производственная фирма «Касатка»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research and Production Company «Kasatka»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>231</fpage><lpage>240</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Салов С.Р., Микряков Д.В., Медников П.З., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Салов С.Р., Микряков Д.В., Медников П.З.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Salov S.R., Mikryakov D.V., Mednikov P.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1813">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1813</self-uri><abstract><p>Важная задача для успешного развития аквакультуры – повышение устойчивости рыб к инфекциям на ранних стадиях онтогенеза, когда иммунная система еще не сформирована. Основную функцию защиты исполняют физические барьеры: кутикула и слизистая оболочка, в состав которой входят антимикробные пептиды и иммуноглобулины. Основную роль в нейтрализации вредоносной микрофлоры играет фермент лизоцим, обладающий бактериолитической активностью. Цель исследования – изучение влияния различных препаратов на уровень антибактериальной защиты молоди стерляди. Исследование проводилось в течении 27 сут/ на молоди стерляди. Рыб разделили на 7 групп: контрольную и 6 опытных, получавших различные препараты («Антибак-100», «Суб-Про», «Экофлор», «Акватан», «Ронколейкин» и «Полифепан»). Препараты добавляли в корм согласно инструкциям. Пробы для анализа бактериального обсеменения отбирали на 7-е, 14-е, 21-е и 27-е сут. Для исследования отбирали по 4 особи из каждой группы. С рыб убирали воду с помощью фильтровальной бумаги и делали отпечаток на твердую среду (питательный рыбопептонный агар) в индивидуальный сектор. Чашки Петри убирали на 1 сут в термостат при температуре 26°C. Затем визуально подсчитывали количество бактериальных колоний в каждом секторе. За время исследования зафиксированы колебания бактериальной обсемененности во всех исследуемых группах. Максимальное снижение бактериальной обсемененности наблюдали на 14 – 21-е сут. Наиболее низкое количество бактериальных колоний на теле молоди стерляди установлено в группах, получавших пробиотик «Суб-Про» и иммуномодулятор «Ронколейкин». В конце эксперимента зафиксирован рост бактериальной обсемененности. В последние 2 недели эксперимента во всех опытных группах обнаружено достоверно низкое количество колоний по сравнению с контролем. Полученные данные указывают на различное по продолжительности и эффективности антибактериальное действие используемых препаратов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An important task for the successful development of aquaculture is to increase the resistance of fish to infections in the early stages of ontogenesis, when the immune system has not yet formed. The main protective function is performed by physical barriers: cuticle and mucous membrane, which include antimicrobial peptides and immunoglobulins. The main role in neutralizing harmful microflora is played by the enzyme lysozyme, which has bacteriolytic activity. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of various drugs on the level of antibacterial protection of young sterlet. The study was conducted for 27 days on young sterlet. The fish were divided into 7 groups: control and 6 experimental, receiving various drugs ("Antibak-100", "Sub-Pro", "Ecoflor", "Aquatan", "Roncoleukin" and "Polyphepan"). The drugs were added to the feed according to the instructions. Samples for bacterial contamination analysis were collected on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 27th days. Four individuals from each group were selected for the study. Water was removed from the fish using filter paper and an imprint was made on a solid medium (nutrient fish-peptone agar) in an individual sector. Petri dishes were placed in a thermostat at 26°C for 1 day. Then the number of bacterial colonies in each sector was visually counted. During the study, fluctuations in bacterial contamination were recorded in all the studied groups. The maximum decrease in bacterial contamination was observed on the 14th – 21st days. The lowest number of bacterial colonies on the body of young sterlet was found in the groups receiving the probiotic "Sub-Pro" and the immunomodulator "Roncoleukin". An increase in bacterial contamination was recorded at the end of the experiment. In the last 2 weeks of the experiment, a significantly lower number of colonies was found in all experimental groups compared to the control. The data obtained indicate different duration and effectiveness of the antibacterial action of the drugs used.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аквакультура</kwd><kwd>молодь стерляди</kwd><kwd>антибиотик</kwd><kwd>пробиотические и растительный препараты</kwd><kwd>энтеросорбирующее средство</kwd><kwd>иммуномодулятор</kwd><kwd>антибактериальная защита</kwd><kwd>уровень бактериальной обсемененности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aquaculture</kwd><kwd>young sterlet</kwd><kwd>antibiotic</kwd><kwd>probiotic and herbal preparations</kwd><kwd>enterosorbent</kwd><kwd>immunomodulator</kwd><kwd>antibacterial protection</kwd><kwd>level of bacterial contamination.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Материалы подготовлены в рамках регионального конкурса Российского научного фонда 2024 года «Проведение фундаментальных научных исследований и поисковых научных исследований малыми отдельными научными группами» (соглашение № 25-26-20177 от 21.05.2025 г).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magnadottir, B. Innate immunity of fish (overview) / B. Magnadottir // Fish Shellfish Immunol. – 2006. – 20, – № 2. – P. 137-151. – DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2004.09.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magnadottir, B. Innate immunity of fish (overview) / B. Magnadottir // Fish Shellfish Immunol.2006:20;2:137-151. DOI: 10.1016/ j.fsi.2004.09.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pietrzak, E. Innate Immune Responses of Skin Mucosa in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) Fed a Diet Supplemented with Galactooligosaccharides / E. Pietrzak, J. Mazurkiewicz, A. Slawinska // Animals (Basel). – 2020. – 10, – № 3. – P. 438. – DOI: 10.3390/ani10030438.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pietrzak, E. Innate Immune Responses of Skin Mucosa in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) Fed a Diet Supplemented with Galactooligosaccharides / E. Pietrzak, J. Mazurkiewicz, A. Slawinska // Animals (Basel).2020:10;3:438. DOI: 10.3390/ ani10030438.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang, Y. A. IgT, a primitive immunoglobulin class specialized in mucosal immunity / Y. A. Zhang, I. Salinas, J. Li, D. Parra, S. Bjork, Z. Xu, S. E. LaPatra, J. Bartholomew, J.O. Sunyer // Nat Immunol. – 2010. – 11, – № 9. – P. 827-835. – DOI: 10.1038/ni.1913.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang, Y. A. IgT, a primitive immunoglobulin class specialized in mucosal immunity / Y. A. Zhang, I. Salinas, J. Li, D. Parra, S. Bjork, Z. Xu, S. E. LaPatra, J. Bartholomew, J.O. Sunyer // Nat Immunol.2010:11;9:827-835. DOI: 10.1038/ ni.1913.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенова, С. Р. Лизоцимная активность слизи рыб / С. Р. Парфенова // StudNet. – 2020. – № 12. – С. 1034–1040. Режим доступа:</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parfenova, S. R. Lysozyme activity of fish mucus / S. R. Parfenova // StudNet.2020:12:1034-1040. URL:https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/lizotsimnayaaktivnost-slizi-ryb (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Subramanian, S. Comparison of antimicrobial activity in the epidermal mucus extracts of fish / S. Subramanian, N. W. Ross, S. L. MacKinnon // Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. – 2008. – Vol. 150, – № 1. – P. 85-92. – DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.01.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Subramanian, S. Comparison of antimicrobial activity in the epidermal mucus extracts of fish / S. Subramanian, N. W. Ross, S. L. MacKinnon // Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.2008:150;1:85-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.01.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полоз, С. В. Оценка устойчивости рыб к заражению паразитами при стрессовом воздействии и определение показателей резистентности (экспериментальное исследование) / С. В. Полоз, С. М. Дегтярик, Г. В. Слободницкая, И. И. Стрельченя // Экология и животный мир. – 2024. – № 1. – С. 28-33. Режим доступа: https://animal.belal.by/jour/article/view/153</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poloz, S. V. Evaluation of fish resistance to parasite infestation under stress and determination of resistance indicators (experimental study) / S. V. Poloz, S. M. Degtyaryk, G. V. Slobodnitskaya, I. I. Strelchenya // Ecology and Animal World.2024:1:28-33. URL: https://animal.belal.by/jour/article/view/153 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иркитова, А. Н. Оптимизация метода определения антагонистической активности пробиотических бактерий / А. Н. Иркитова, Е. С. Яценко // Технологии пищевой и перерабатывающей промышленности АПК – продукты здорового питания. – 2017. – № 5 (19). – С. 113-117. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32607459</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irkitova, A. N. Optimization of the method for determining the antagonistic activity of probiotic bacteria / A. N. Irkitova, E. S. Yatsenko // Technologies of the food and processing industry of the agro-industrial complex - healthy food products.2017:5;19:113-117. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32607459 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юхименко, Л. Н. Лечебные и профилактические мероприятия против бактериозов в рыбоводстве / Л. Н. Юхименко, С. Б. Токарева, М. С. Кукин, Л. И. Бычкова // Ветеринария и кормление. – 2021. – № 6. – С. 67-69. – DOI: 10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2021-6-18. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/xozywt</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yukhimenko, L. N. Therapeutic and preventive measures against bacterial diseases in fish farming / L. N. Yukhimenko, S. B. Tokareva, M. S. Kukin, L. I. Bychkova // Veterinary medicine and feeding.2021:6:67- 69. DOI: 10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2021-6-18. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47419316 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зеков, Д. Д. Определение эффективных норм введения кормовой добавки Акватан в рацион радужной форели с биологической оценкой влияния на рыбохозяйственные показатели / Д. Д. Зеков, М. В. Ульянов, Д. В. Микряков, Т. А. Суворова // Рыбоводство и рыбное хозяйство. – 2021.– № 11. – С. 66-77. – DOI: 10.33920/ sel09211106. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47327779</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zekov, D. D. Determination of effective rates of introduction of the feed additive Aquatan into the diet of rainbow trout with a biological assessment of the effect on fishery indicators / D. D. Zekov, M. V. Ulyanov, D. V. Mikryakov, T. A. Suvorova // Fish farming and fish farming.2021:11:66- 77. DOI: 10.33920/sel09211106. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47327779 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Использование эллаготанинов в рационах аквакультуры. [Электронный ресурс] – 2020. – URL: https://apknews.su/article/213/2594/ (дата обращения 12.05.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Use of ellagitannins in aquaculture diets. 2020. URL: https://apknews.su/ article/213/2594/ (date of access 12.05.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tkachenko, H. The antibacterial activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Ficus pumila l. (moraceae) against fish bacterial pathogens / H. Tkachenko, L. Buyun, O. Kasiyan, E. Terech-Majewska, Z. Osadowski // Научные труды Дальрыбвтуза. – 2018. – Vol. 45, – №. 2. – P. 20-30. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35176457</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkachenko, H. The antibacterial activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Ficus pumila l. (moraceae) against fish bacterial pathogens / H. Tkachenko, L. Buyun, O. Kasiyan, E. Terech-Majewska, Z. Osadowski // Scientific works of Dalrybvtuz.2018:45;2:20-30. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35176457</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohammadian, T. Administrations of autochthonous probiotics altered juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss health status, growth performance and resistance to Lactococcus garvieae, an experimental infection / T. Mohammadian, M. Nasirpour, M. R. Tabandeh, A. A. Heidary, R. GhaneiMotlagh, S. S. Hosseini // Fish Shellfish Immunol. – 2019. – № 86. – P. 269-279. – DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohammadian, T. Administrations of autochthonous probiotics altered juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss health status, growth performance and resistance to Lactococcus garvieae, an experimental infection / T. Mohammadian, M. Nasirpour, M. R. Tabandeh, A. A. Heidary, R. GhaneiMotlagh, S. S. Hosseini // Fish Shellfish Immunol.2019:86:269-279. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.052.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бычкова, Л. И. Пробиотический препарат СУБ-ПРО (субалин) – альтернатива антибиотикам / Л. И. Бычкова, Л. Н. Юхименко, А. Г. Ходак, О. С. Скоробогатько // Рыбоводство. – 2008. – № 2. – С. 48-49. – Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=1028699&amp;pubrole=100&amp;show_refs= 1&amp;show_option=0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bychkova, L. I. Probiotic drug SUBPRO (subalin) - an alternative to antibiotics / L. I. Bychkova, L. N. Yukhimenko, A. G. Khodak, O. S. Skorobogatko // Fish farming.2008:2:48-49. URL: https://elibrary.ru/ author items.asp?authorid=1028699&amp;pubrole=100&amp;show refs=1&amp;show option=0 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дегтярик, С. М. Влияние растительных экстрактов на возбудителей аэромонозов и псевдомонозов рыб / С. М. Дегтярик, Е. И. Гребнева, Г. В. Слободницкая, Н. А. Бенецкая, Е. В. Максимьюк, А. В. Беспалый // Вопросы рыбного хозяйства Беларуси. – 2016. – № 32. – С. 249- 261. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28114134</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Degtyarik, S. M. Study of plant extracts for pathogens of aeromonosis and pseudomonosis in fish / S. M. Degtyarik, E. I. Grebneva, G. V. Slobodnitskaya, N. A. Benetskaya, E. V. Maksimyuk, A. V. Bespaly // Issues of fisheries of Belarus.2016:32:249-261. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28114134 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biller-Takahashi, J. D. Fish Immunology. The modification and manipulation of the innate immune system: Brazilian studies / J. D. Biller-Takahashi, E. C. Urbinati // An Acad Bras Cienc. – 2014. – Vol. 86, – № 3. – P. 1484-506. – DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201420130159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biller-Takahashi, J. D. Fish Immunology. The modification and manipulation of the innate immune system: Brazilian studies / J. D. Biller-Takahashi, E. C. Urbinati // An Acad Bras Cienc.2014:86;3:1484-506. DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201420130159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Immanuel, G. Dietary medicinal plant extracts improve growth, immune activity and survival of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus / G. Immanuel, R. P. Uma, P. Iyapparaj, T. Citarasu, S. M. Punitha Peter, M. Michael Babu, A. Palavesam // J. Fish Biol. – 2009. – Vol. 74, – № 7. – P. 1462-1475. – DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02212.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Immanuel, G. Dietary medicinal plant extracts improve growth, immune activity and survival of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus / G. Immanuel, R. P. Uma, P. Iyapparaj, T. Citarasu, S. M. Punitha Peter, M. Michael Babu, A. Palavesam // J. Fish Biol.2009:74;7:1462-1475. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02212.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nya, E. J The garlic component, allicin, prevents disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) / E. J Nya, Z. Dawood, B. Austin // J Fish Dis. – 2010. – Vol. 33, – № 4. – P. 293-300. – DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01121.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nya, E. J The garlic component, allicin, prevents disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) / E. J Nya, Z. Dawood, B. Austin // J Fish Dis.2010:33;4:293-300. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01121.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нечаева, Т. А. Эффективность применения рекомбинантного интерлейкина-2 (Ронколейкин) в форелеводстве / Т. А. Нечаева, М. В. Островский // Международный вестник ветеринарии. – 2009. – № 3. – С. 43-49. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/llzgzv</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nechaeva, T. A. Efficiency of using recombinant interleukin-2 (Roncoleukin) in trout farming / T. A. Nechaeva, M. V. Ostrovsky // International Bulletin of Veterinary Science.2009:3:43-49. URL: https://elibrary.ru/llzgzv (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зуева, М. С. Современный опыт включения биологически активных кормовых добавок в рацион рыб / М. С. Зуева // Животноводство и кормопроизводство. – 2022. – 105, – № 4. – С. 146-164. Режим доступа: http://gk.fncbst.ru/arhiv/new/vypuski-2022-goda/tom-105-№-4/teoriya-ipraktika-kormleniya/zueva-m-s</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zueva, M. S. Modern experience of including biologically active feed additives in the diet of fish / M. S. Zueva // Animal husbandry and forage production.2022:105;4:146-164. URL: http://gk.fncbst.ru/arhiv/new/vypuski-2022-goda/tom-105-№-4/teoriya-i-praktika-kormleniya/zueva-m-s (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehrabi, Z. Immunity and growth improvement of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed dietary nettle (Urtica dioica) against experimental challenge with Saprolegnia parasitica / Z. Mehrabi, F. Firouzbakhsh, G. Rahimi-Mianji, H. Paknejad // Fish Shellfish Immunol. – 2020. – № 104. – P. 74-82. – DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehrabi, Z. Immunity and growth improvement of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed dietary nettle (Urtica dioica) against experimental challenge with Saprolegnia parasitica / Z. Mehrabi, F. Firouzbakhsh, G. Rahimi-Mianji, H. Paknejad // Fish Shellfish Immunol.2020:104:74 -82. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bulfon, C. Resistant and susceptible rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lines show distinctive immune response to Lactococcus garvieae / C. Bulfon, M. Prearo, D. Volpatti, O. Byadgi, M. Righetti, M. G. Maniaci, V. Campia, P. Pastorino, F. Pascoli, A. Toffan, C. Biolatti, P. L. Acutis, S. Colussi // Fish Shellfish Immunol. – 2020. – № 105. – P. 457-468. – DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulfon, C. Resistant and susceptible rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lines show distinctive immune response to Lactococcus garvieae / C. Bulfon, M. Prearo, D. Volpatti, O. Byadgi, M. Righetti, M. G. Maniaci, V. Campia, P. Pastorino, F. Pascoli, A. Toffan, C. Biolatti, P. L. Acutis, S. Colussi // Fish Shellfish Immunol.2020:105:457-468. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jinendiran, S. Modulation of innate immunity, expression of cytokine genes and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish (Carassius auratus) by dietary supplementation with Exiguobacterium acetylicum S01 / S. Jinendiran, A. A. Nathan, D. Ramesh, B. Vaseeharan, N. Sivakumar // Fish Shellfish Immunol. – 2019. – № 84. – P. 458-469. – DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jinendiran, S. Modulation of innate immunity, expression of cytokine genes and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish (Carassius auratus) by dietary supplementation with Exiguobacterium acetylicum S01 / S. Jinendiran, A. A. Nathan, D. Ramesh, B. Vaseeharan, N. Sivakumar // Fish Shellfish Immunol.2019:84:458-469. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bu, X. Dietary yeast culture modulates immune response related to TLR2-MyD88- NF-kβ signaling pathway, antioxidant capability and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila for Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) / X. Bu, X. Lian, Y. Wang, C. Luo, S. Tao, Y. Liao, J. Yang, A. Chen, Y. Yang // Fish Shellfish Immunol. – 2019. – № 84. – P. 711-718. – DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.049.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bu, X. Dietary yeast culture modulates immune response related to TLR2-MyD88- NF-kβ signaling pathway, antioxidant capability and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila for Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) / X. Bu, X. Lian, Y. Wang, C. Luo, S. Tao, Y. Liao, J. Yang, A. Chen, Y. Yang // Fish Shellfish Immunol.2019:84:711-718. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.049.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kar, B. Variation in susceptibility pattern of fish to Argulus siamensis: Do immune responses of host play a role? / B. Kar, C. Moussa, A. Mohapatra, J. Mohanty, P. Jayasankar, P. K. Sahoo // Vet Parasitol. – 2016. – № 221. – P. 76-83. – DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.03.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kar, B. Variation in susceptibility pattern of fish to Argulus siamensis: Do immune responses of host play a role? / B. Kar, C. Moussa, A. Mohapatra, J. Mohanty, P. Jayasankar, P. K. Sahoo // Vet Parasitol.2016:221:76-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.03.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
