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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2025.3.563</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1852</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕЗАРАЗНЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние методологических решений на результаты метагеномного секвенирования бактериальных сообществ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The influence of methodological solutions on the results of metagenomic sequencing of bacterial communities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-2273</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прасолова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prasolova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. ветеринар. наук, вед. науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Veterinary medicine), Leading researcher of the Molecular Biology Department </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.prasolova@vgnki.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Всероссийский государственный центр качества и стандартизации лекарственных средств для животных и кормов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>563</fpage><lpage>568</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Прасолова О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прасолова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prasolova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1852">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1852</self-uri><abstract><p>Термин микробиом охватывает совокупность всех генов, принадлежащих микроорганизмам (бактериям, вирусам, грибам), которые населяют определённую среду. Секвенирование участка гена 16S рРНК позволяет изучить таксономический состав микробиоты, выявляя бактерии и археи, в том числе сложно поддающиеся культивированию. Однако данный метод до сих пор не имеет стандартизированной процедуры. Множество доступных методологических вариантов усложняют воспроизведение результатов и, как правило, ограничивают сопоставимость результатов между независимыми исследованиями, использующими разные методики, измерительные и биоинформатические конвейеры. Интерпретация, обсуждение и визуализация результатов исследования микробиома животных представляют собой сложную задачу из-за отсутствия единых стандартных параметров и справочных данных для сбора и сравнения. Стандартизированные методологии при исследовании сообществ микроорганизмов необходимы для упрощения и сравнения результатов различных исследований. В данном анализе представлены основные причины расхождений в получаемых данных на всех этапах работ. К ним относятся отбор проб (место отбора проб, метод, транспортировка и хранение образца), извлечение материала нуклеиновой кислоты, выбор праймера 16S рРНК, амплификация, подготовка библиотеки, секвенирование и конвейер биоинформатического анализа. Проблемы, связанные с таксономическим и функциональным профилированием на основе метагеномных данных, включают в себя вопросы точности классификации в условиях систематических ошибок в базах данных, сложности прогнозирования функций и метаболических взаимодействий в различных микробных сообществах, а также отсутствие единого методологического подхода к проведению исследования. Преодоление этих препятствий потребует междисциплинарного сотрудничества, развития вычислительных инструментов и совершенствования аналитических методов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The term microbiome encompasses the totality of genes belonging to microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi) that inhabit a particular environment. Sequencing a region of the 16S rRNA gene allows us to study the taxonomic composition of the microbiota, identifying bacteria and archaea, including those that are difficult to cultivate. However, this method still does not have a standardized procedure. The many available methodological options complicate the reproducibility of results and, as a rule, limit the comparability of results between independent studies using different methodologies, measurement and bioinformatics pipelines. Interpretation, discussion and visualization of animal microbiome research results are a complex task due to the lack of uniform standard parameters and reference data for collection and comparison. Standardized methodologies in the study of microorganism communities are needed to simplify and compare the results of different studies. This analysis presents the main reasons for discrepancies in the data obtained at all stages of the work. These include sampling (sampling location, method, sample transport and storage), nucleic acid extraction, 16S rRNA primer selection, amplification, library preparation, sequencing and bioinformatics pipeline. Challenges associated with metagenomic data-based taxonomic and functional profiling include issues of classification accuracy in the face of systematic database errors, difficulties in predicting functions and metabolic interactions in different microbial communities, and the lack of a unified methodological approach to conducting the study. Overcoming these obstacles will require interdisciplinary collaboration, development of computational tools and improvement of analytical methods.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиом</kwd><kwd>стандартизация</kwd><kwd>валидация</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>генетика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbiome</kwd><kwd>standardization</kwd><kwd>validation</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>genetics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The effect of 16S rRNA region choice on bacterial community metabarcoding results. / Y. Bukin, Y. Galachyants, I. Morozov [et al.] // Sci Data 6, 190007 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2019.7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The effect of 16S rRNA region choice on bacterial community metabarcoding results. / Y. Bukin, Y. Galachyants, I. 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