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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2025.4.47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1866</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Филогенетическое исследование кишечного микробиома чира (Coregonus nasus)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phylogenetic study of the gut microbiome of broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронов</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronov</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер лаборатории генетики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Genetics Lab Engineer </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stek486@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукина</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukina</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, директор института</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Doctor of Biological Sciences, Institute Director</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апаликова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Apalikova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, зав. лабораторией генетики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of the Genetics Lab</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский филиал ГНЦ РФ ФГБНУ «ВНИРО» («ГосНИОРХ» им. Л. С. Берга»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg branch of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation&#13;
FGBNU “VNIRO” (“GosNIORH” named after L. S. Berg)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт водных проблем Севера КарНЦ РАН (ФГБУН «ИВПС ФИЦ КарНЦ РАН»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Water Problems of the North KarRC RAS (FGBI "IVPS FRC KarRC RAS")</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт- Петербургский филиал ГНЦ РФ ФГБНУ «ВНИРО» («ГосНИОРХ» им. Л. С. Берга»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg branch of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation&#13;
FGBNU “VNIRO” (“GosNIORH” named after L. S. Berg)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Воронов К.Е., Лукина Ю.Н., Апаликова О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Воронов К.Е., Лукина Ю.Н., Апаликова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voronov K.E., Lukina Y.N., Apalikova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1866">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1866</self-uri><abstract><p>Кишечная микробиота позвоночных животных представляет собой сложную биологическую систему, играющую ключевую роль в метаболизме и формировании иммунной защиты. Микробные сообщества осуществляют разложение сложных органических соединений, синтезируют витамины и обеспечивают стабильность внутренней среды организма, тесно взаимодействуя с его физиологическими процессами. Таким образом микробиота кишечника непосредственное влияет на здоровье организма хозяина. Изучение эволюционных связей в составе кишечной микробиоты чира (Coregonus nasus) посредством ампликонного секвенирования гена 16S рРНК способствует пониманию их трофических и конкурентных взаимодействий в организме хозяина. В рамках исследования были использованы следующие методы: NGS-секвенирование гена 16S рРНК по участкам V3-V4 и V4-V5 на платформе Illumina MiSeq в режиме PE, а также обработка полученных данных с помощью программного обеспечения Trimmomatic v0.39, VSEARCH v2.21.1, MAFFT v7.505, FastTree v2.1.11. Все анализы выполнялись на платформе Python 3.10.6 с использованием пакетов scipy, statsmodels, biopython. Полученные филогенетические деревья демонстрируют высокий уровень таксономической дифференциации, отражая как недавние эволюционные расхождения (характеризующиеся короткими ветвями и высокой поддержкой узлов), так и древние дивергенции, подтверждаемые значительной длиной ветвей в определенных кладах. Подобная организация указывает на множественные радиации внутри бактериальных таксонов, обусловленные адаптацией к различным экологическим нишам, что свидетельствует о сложности и взаимосвязанности микробных сообществ в исследуемых образцах. Высокое филогенетическое разнообразие обнаруженных таксонов, включая присутствие ОТЕ, классифицированных как Candidatus или относящихся к малоизученным группам, подчеркивает недостаточную изученность микробиоты пресноводных рыб в существующих базах данных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The intestinal microbiota of vertebrates is a complex biological system that plays a key role in metabolism and the formation of immune defense. Microbial communities decompose complex organic compounds, synthesize vitamins and ensure the stability of the internal environment of the body, closely interacting with its physiological processes. Thus, the intestinal microbiota directly affects the health of the host organism. The study of evolutionary relationships in the intestinal microbiota of broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus) by amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene contributes to an understanding of their trophic and competitive interactions in the host organism. The following methods were used in the study: NGS sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in the V3-V4 and V4-V5 regions on the Illumina MiSeq platform in PE mode, as well as processing the obtained data using Trimmomatic v0.39, VSEARCH v2.21.1, MAFFT v7.505, FastTree v2.1.11 software. All analyses were performed on Python 3.10.6 using scipy, statsmodels, and biopython packages. The resulting phylogenetic trees demonstrate a high level of taxonomic differentiation, reflecting both recent evolutionary divergences (characterized by short branches and high node support) and ancient divergences supported by significant branch lengths in certain clades. Such organization indicates multiple radiations within bacterial taxa due to adaptation to different ecological niches, which indicates the complexity and interconnectedness of microbial communities in the studied samples. The high phylogenetic diversity of the detected taxa, including the presence of OTUs classified as Candidatus or belonging to poorly studied groups, highlights the insufficient study of the freshwater fish microbiota in existing databases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кишечная микробиота</kwd><kwd>филогенетические деревья</kwd><kwd>сиговые рыбы</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>ОТЕ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gut microbiota</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic trees</kwd><kwd>whitefish</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>OTU</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benjamini Y., Hochberg Y. 1995. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing // Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological). V. 57(1). 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