ivmМеждународный вестник ветеринарииInternational Journal of Veterinary Medicine2072-2419SpbGUVM Publishing House10.52419/issn2072-2419.2025.4.214ivm-1883Research ArticleФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ, ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ, ФАРМАЦИЯPHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY, PHARMACYОценка общей и острой токсичности кормовой добавки на основе хитозана и диатомита In vivoAssessment of general and acute toxicity of chitosan and diatomite-based feed additives In vivohttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5373-4794БалыкинаА. Б.BalykinaA. B.

канд. ветеринар. наук, доц. каф. биохимии и физиологии

PhD of Veterinary Sciences, Assoc. Prof.

andreeva-a-83@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-5993КарпенкоЛ. Ю.KarpenkoL. Yu.

д-р биол. наук, проф., зав. каф. биохимии и физиологии

D.Biol.sc. Professor

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2884-9630КиянчукМ. В.KiyanchukM. V.

асс. каф. биохимии и физиологии (ORCID 0009-0006-2884-9630

assistant of the Department of Biochemistry and Physiology

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9495-0178НиконовИ. Н.NikonovI. N.

канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. 

 Cand.biol.sc.  

ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины»РоссияSt. Petersburg State University of Veterinary MedicineRussian Federation20253012202504214221Copyright © Балыкина А.Б., Карпенко Л.Ю., Киянчук М.В., Никонов И.Н., 20252025Балыкина А.Б., Карпенко Л.Ю., Киянчук М.В., Никонов И.Н.Balykina A.B., Karpenko L.Y., Kiyanchuk M.V., Nikonov I.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1883

Хитозан и его производные также используются в фармацевтике в качестве вспомогательного вещества, носителя лекарственного средства или терапевтического агента. Исследование проводили на базе кафедры биохимии и физиологии ФГБОУ ВО СПБГУВМ. Выполнили систематическое обобщение литературы по токсикологическим исследованиям хитозана (in vitro и in vivo). Целью данного исследования явилась проверка безопасности кормовой добавки, содержащей хитозан, методами биотестирования на общую токсичность. Экспериментальный образец кормовой добавки был наработан на основе диатомита обожженного (0,3-0,7 мм) и концентрата водорастворимого хитозана. Токсичность при многократном введении in vivo. Определяли общую токсичность и острую токсичность на Danio rerio согласно ГОСТу 31674-2012 «Корма, комбикорма, комбикормовое сырьё. Методы определения общей токсичности». Инфузории содержались в среде Лозина-Лозинского, приготовленной по ГОСТу 31674-2012. Проводили оценку влияния водного экстракта на тест-систему в микроаквариумах, в качестве которых использовали иммунологические планшеты. Контроль за выживанием проводился с использованием светового микроскопа при увеличении 100х. Наблюдения осуществлялись, как и в контрольном растворе так и в водном экстракте через 30 мин, 1 час, 2 часа и 3 часа после начала эксперимента. Биотестирование проводилось с двойным повторением для каждой пробы. Выживаемость инфузорий через 3 часа в водном экстракте неразведенного образца составляет 83%; выживаемость инфузорий через 3 часа в водном экстракте разведенного образца составляет 83%. Результаты исследований показали, что представленный образец кормовой добавки, содержащей хитозан и диатомит, является нетоксичным (безвредным). В статье также обсуждаются возможные механизмы токсического действия хитозана и рекомендации по безопасному применению в ветеринарии.

Chitosan and its derivatives are also used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient, a carrier of a drug or a therapeutic agent. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. A systematic review of the literature on toxicological studies of chitosan (in vitro and in vivo) was performed. The aim of this study was to test the safety of a feed additive containing chitosan using bioassay methods for general toxicity. An experimental sample of a feed additive was developed based on burnt diatomite (0.3-0.7 mm) and a concentrate of water-soluble chitosan. Toxicity during repeated administration in vivo. The general toxicity and acute toxicity of Danio rerio were determined in accordance with GOST 31674-2012 "Feed, compound feed, and feed raw materials. Methods for determining general toxicity." The infusoria were kept in a Lozin-Lozinsky medium prepared according to GOST 31674 -2012. The effect of the aqueous extract on the test system was evaluated in microaquaria using immunological plates. Survival control was performed using a light microscope at a magnification of 100x. Observations were made in both the control solution and the aqueous extract 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours after the start of the experiment. The biotesting was performed with double repetition for each sample. The survival rate of ciliates after 3 hours in an aqueous extract of the undiluted sample is 83%; the survival rate of ciliates after 3 hours in an aqueous extract of the diluted sample is 83%. The results of the studies showed that the presented sample of a feed additive containing chitosan and diatomite is non-toxic (harmless). The article also discusses possible mechanisms of the toxic effect of chitosan and recommendations for safe use in veterinary medicine.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.