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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2025.4.508</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1918</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКУШЕРСТВО, ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка и оптимизация ПЦР-методов для детекции наследственных аномалий M1 и DL у крупного рогатого скота мясных пород</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development and optimization of PCR methods for detection hereditary abnormalities of M1 and DL in beef cattle</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9251-0056</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory Assistant at the Department of Genomic Research and Animal Breeding</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0284-0276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубарева</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubareva</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мл. науч. сотр. отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Department of Genomic Research and Animal Breeding</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3622-3770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бытов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bytov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мл. науч. сотр. отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Department of Genomic Research and Animal Breeding  </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2793-5001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безбородова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezborodova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. ветеринар. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отдела геномныхисследований и селекции животных </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Senior Researcher, Department of Genomic  Research and Animal Breeding</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1169-4090</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р ветеринар. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Department of Genomic Research and Animal Breeding</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4980-0481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мл. науч. сотр. отдела ветеринарной лабораторной диагностики с испытательной лабораторией</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Veterinary Diagnostics Department with a testing laboratory</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romanov.egor.2303@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0005-2161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. ветеринар. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Department of  Genomic Research and Animal Breeding </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Уральский федеральный аграрный научно-исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук» (ФГБНУ УрФАНИЦ УрО РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FSBI URFANITS Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>508</fpage><lpage>516</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мартынов Н.А., Зубарева В.Д., Бытов М.В., Безбородова Н.А., Соколова О.В., Романов Е.В., Зайцева О.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мартынов Н.А., Зубарева В.Д., Бытов М.В., Безбородова Н.А., Соколова О.В., Романов Е.В., Зайцева О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Martynov N.A., Zubareva V.D., Bytov M.V., Bezborodova N.A., Sokolova O.V., Romanov E.V., Zaitseva O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1918">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1918</self-uri><abstract><p>Снижение репродуктивных показателей в мировом скотоводстве, обусловленное накоплением наследственных аномалий, требует разработки эффективных методов генетического мониторинга мутаций. Целью исследований стала разработка и оптимизация методов детекции двух наследственных аномалий крупного рогатого скота мясных пород (казахская белоголовая, абердин-ангусская порода): гипертрофии мускулатуры (M1) и дилютора (DL). В качестве биологического материала использовали цельную кровь, законсервированную в ЭДТА, от крупного рогатого скота казахской белоголовой (n = 54) и абердинангусской (n =35) пород. Выделение ДНК осуществляли с помощью автоматической станции для выделения нуклеиновых кислот Nexor32m (Lepu Medical Technology Co.,Ltd., Китай), с применением набора «МагноПрайм® ВЕТ» (ООО «НекстБио», Россия). Качество, количество выделенных образцов, оценивали спектрофотометрическим методом с помощью EZdrop 1000 (Blue-Ray Biotech, Тайвань) и флуориметрическим методом с использованием Qubit 4 (ThermoFisher Scientific, США), с использованием набора QuDye HS (Lumiprobe, Россия). Для мутации M1 в гене MSTN был апробирован и оптимизирован известный ПЦР-протокол на выборке абердин-ангусской породы (n=35). Для выявления делеции в гене PMEL (DL) у казахской белоголовой породы была разработана новая ПЦР-система в режиме реального времени с оптимизацией температуры отжига праймеров. В результате скрининга носители аллеля M1 выявлены не были. При апробации разработанного теста на выборке казахской белоголовой породы (n=54) было обнаружено 3 носителя аллеля DL: 2 гетерозиготы (3,7%) и 1 гомозигота (1,85%). Полученные результаты показали эффективность разработанных методов для мониторинга генетических аномалий у крупного рогатого скота молочного направления. Внедрение этих ПЦР-тестов в селекционно-племенную работу позволит осуществлять контроль над распространением нежелательных аллелей и способствовать повышению продуктивности и экономической эффективности мясного скотоводства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The decline in reproductive performance in global cattle breeding, due to the accumulation of hereditary anomalies, requires the development of effective methods for genetic monitoring of mutations. The aim of the research was to develop and optimize methods for detecting two hereditary anomalies of beef cattle (Kazakh white-headed, Aberdeen Angus breed): muscle hypertrophy (M1) and dilutor (DL). For the M1 mutation in the MSTN gene, the well-known PCR protocol was tested and optimized on a sample of the Aberdeen Angus breed (n=35). Whole blood preserved in EDTA from Kazakh Whitehead (n = 54) and Aberdeen Angus (n = 35) cattle was used as biological material. DNA extraction was performed using a Nexor32m automated nucleic acid extraction station (Lepu Medical Technology Co., Ltd., China) and the MagnoPrime® VET kit (NextBio LLC, Russia). The quality and quantity of the isolated samples were assessed spectrophotometrically using an EZdrop 1000 (Blue-Ray Biotech, Taiwan) and fluorimetrically using a Qubit 4 (ThermoFisher Scientific, USA) and the QuDye HS kit (Lumiprobe, Russia). To detect a deletion in the PMEL (DL) gene in the Kazakh white-headed breed, a new real-time PCR system was developed with optimization of the primer annealing temperature. As a result of the screening, no carriers of the M1 allele were identified. When testing the developed test on a sample of the Kazakh white-headed breed (n=54), 3 carriers of the DL allele were found: 2 heterozygotes (3.7%) and 1 homozygote (1.85%). The results showed the effectiveness of the developed methods for monitoring genetic abnormalities in dairy cattle. The introduction of these PCR tests into breeding work will allow controlling the spread of undesirable alleles and contribute to increasing the productivity and economic efficiency of beef cattle breeding.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наследственные аномалии</kwd><kwd>генетический мониторинг</kwd><kwd>ПЦР реально времени</kwd><kwd>дилютор</kwd><kwd>гипертрофия мускулатуры</kwd><kwd>казахская белоголовая порода</kwd><kwd>абердин-ангусская порода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hereditary anomalies</kwd><kwd>genetic monitoring</kwd><kwd>real-time PCR</kwd><kwd>dilutor</kwd><kwd>muscle hypertrophy</kwd><kwd>Kazakh white-headed breed</kwd><kwd>аberdeen аngus breed</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Материалы подготовлены в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России № 0532–2025-0003 «Разработка высокоточных методов идентификации генетических детерминант устойчивости к заболеваниям для использования в селекции крупного рогатого скота».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The materials were prepared within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 0532- 2025-0003 "Development of high-precision methods for identifying genetic determinants of disease resistance for use in cattle breeding".</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Состояние мясного скотоводства в Российской Федерации / И. 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