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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2025.4.578</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-1925</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКУШЕРСТВО, ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ энергетической ценности яиц кур генофондных пород и промышленного кросса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of the energy value of eggs of hens of gene pool breeds and industrial cross</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9504-3916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Станишевская</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stanishevskaya</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, гл. науч. сотр. лаборатории научного обеспечения сохранения генетических ресурсов птиц  Национального центра генетических ресурсов  сельскохозяйственных животных </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biology Science, Chief Researcher at the Laboratory of Scientific Support for the Conservation of Avian Genetic Resources of the National Center for Farm Animal Genetic Resources </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgastan@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаборатории научного обеспечения сохранения генетических ресурсов птиц  Национального центра генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных животных</p><p>ORCID 0000-0001-1618-6271</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Scientific Support for the Conservation of Avian Genetic Resources of the National Center for Farm Animal Genetic Resources</p><p>ORCID 0000-0001-1618-6271</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-6373</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силюкова</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silyukova</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, науч. сотрудник лаборатории научного обеспечения сохранения генетических  ресурсов птиц Национального центра генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных животных </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Researcher at the Laboratory of Scientific Support for the Conservation of Avian Genetic Resources of the National Center for Farm Animal Genetic  Resources</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных  – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный  исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ &#13;
имени академика Л. К. Эрнста» (ВНИИГРЖ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding — Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry (RRIFAGB)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>578</fpage><lpage>585</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Станишевская О.И., Федорова Е.С., Силюкова Ю.Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Станишевская О.И., Федорова Е.С., Силюкова Ю.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stanishevskaya O.I., Fedorova E.S., Silyukova Y.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1925">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/1925</self-uri><abstract><p>Локальные породы являются резервуаром уникальных генов, утраченных в промышленных кроссах. Одним из важнейших экономически-значимых признаков у кур является качество яиц. Согласно зарубежным и отечественным исследованиям, яйца кур локальных пород, с точки зрения питательной ценности, имеют преимущество перед яйцами кур промышленных кроссов. Целью исследований было провести сравнительный анализ ряда качественных показателей (включая питательную ценность) яиц кур генофондных пород отечественной селекции и коммерческих кроссов. Исследования проведены в рамках ежегодного мониторинга генетических ресурсов кур Национального центра генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных животных во ВНИИГРЖ. Объект исследования – яйца кур генофондных пород: русская белоснежная (яичная), полтавская глинистая (двойного назначения), орловская ситцевая (двойного назначения), а также яйца кур промышленного белоскорлупного яичного кросса категории С1 (фаза яйцекладки II). Были оценены следующие показатели качества яиц: масса яйца, индекс формы и масса желтка с использованием системы оценки качества яйца Broring EggQuality 3.0 (Германия). Яйца отечественных генофондных пород кур, в сравнении с птицей промышленных яичных кроссов, обладают более высокой питательной и энергетической ценностью яиц (на 4,8–17,3% выше) за счет более высокого содержания в них желтка (p&lt;0,05). У промышленной птицы наибольшая частота встречаемости признака «величина желтка» находится в пределах 25 – 28% (88% поголовья), в то время как у генофондных пород чаще всего встречаются куры с высокой долей желтка в яйце: 30 – 32% у русской белоснежной (58% поголовья), 30 – 33% у полтавской глинистой (62% поголовья) и 34 – 38% у орловской ситцевой (76% поголовья). Генофондные куры обладают более высокой степенью изменчивости признака «величина желтка яиц» (Cv 6,5 – 7,3%) в сравнении с промышленной птицей (Cv 3,7%), что позволяет вести отбор с целью оптимизации данного показателя.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Local breeds are a reservoir of unique genes lost in commercial crosses. One of the most important economically significant features of chickens is the quality of eggs. According to world scientific researches, eggs of local breeds of chickens, in terms of nutritional value, are superior to chickens of industrial crosses. The purpose of the research was to conduct a comparative analysis of a number of qualitative indicators (including nutritional value) of chicken eggs of Russian gene-pool breeds and commercial laying crosses. The research was conducted as part of the annual monitoring of the genetic resources of chickens by the National Center for Genetic Resources of Farm Animals at RRIFAGB. The object of the study is eggs of gene pool breeds: Russian Snow–White (laying breed), Poltava Clay (dualpurpose breed), Orloff (dual-purpose breed), as well as eggs of commercial white-shell laying cross (eggs' class 1; in laying Phase II). The following egg quality indicators were evaluated: egg weight, shape index and yolk weight using the egg quality assessment system Broring EggQuality 3.0 (Germany). Eggs of Russian gene pool breeds, in comparison with commercial laying crosses, have a higher nutritional and energy value of eggs (4.8–17.3% higher) due to their higher yolk value (p&lt;0.05). In commercial poultry, the highest frequency of the "yolk size" trait is in the range of 25-28% (88% of the population), while in gene pool breeds chickens with a high proportion of yolk in the egg are most often found: 30-32% in the Snow–White Russian (58% of the population), 30-33% in Poltava Clay (62% of the population) and 34-38% of the Orloff (76% of the population). Gene pool chickens have a higher degree of variability in the "egg yolk size" trait (Cv 6.5 – 7.3%) compared to industrial poultry (Cv 3.7%), which allows for selection in order to optimize this indicator.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>куры</kwd><kwd>генофондные породы</kwd><kwd>качество яиц</kwd><kwd>желток</kwd><kwd>энергетическая ценность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chickens</kwd><kwd>gene pool breeds</kwd><kwd>egg quality</kwd><kwd>yolk</kwd><kwd>energy value</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования проведены в рамках выполнения работ по Программе развития Национального центра генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных животных</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hartmann C, Wilhelmson M. The hen’s egg yolk: a source of biologically active substances. 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