ivmМеждународный вестник ветеринарииInternational Journal of Veterinary Medicine2072-2419SpbGUVM Publishing House10.52419/issn2072-2419.2026.1.291ivm-2019Research ArticleБИОХИМИЯ, МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯBIOCHEMISTRY, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGYОб особенностях организации иммунной системы бесчелюстных и челюстных рыб (обзор)About the peculiarities of the organization of the immune system of jawless and jawless fishhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-1690-513XКиселеваМ. Н.KiselevaM. N.

аспирант 

 graduate student 

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4986-9583МитрюшкинаД. К.MitryushkinaD. K.

аспирант

 graduate student 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0429-3600ЛукинаЮ. Н.LukinaYu. N.

д.б.н., директор института 

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Institute Director 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1188-2446АпаликоваО. В.ApalikovaO. V.

к.б.н., зав. лабораторией генетики

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of the Genetics Lab

apalikova@niorh.vniro.ruСанкт-Петербургский филиал ГНЦ РФ ФГБНУ «ВНИРО»Russian FederationСанкт-Петербургский филиал ГНЦ РФ ФГБНУ «ВНИРО»РоссияSt. Petersburg branch of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation FGBNU “VNIRO”Russian FederationСанкт-Петербургский филиал ГНЦ РФ ФГБНУ «ВНИРО»; Институт водных проблем Севера КарНЦ РАНРоссияSt. Petersburg branch of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation FGBNU “VNIRO”; Institute of Water Problems of the North KarRC RASRussian Federation20263004202601291301Copyright © Киселева М.Н., Митрюшкина Д.К., Лукина Ю.Н., Апаликова О.В., 20262026Киселева М.Н., Митрюшкина Д.К., Лукина Ю.Н., Апаликова О.В.Kiseleva M.N., Mitryushkina D.K., Lukina Y.N., Apalikova O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/2019

Иммунная система рыб, как первых позвоночных, обладающих всеми основными компонентами адаптивного иммунитета, представляет значительный интерес для сравнительной иммунологии. У рыб, как и у других позвоночных, иммунная система обеспечивает защиту от множества патогенов, однако, в связи с особенностями их среды обитания, у них есть отличительные свойства иммунного ответа. Организация иммунной системы рыб является важным этапом в эволюции высших позвоночных, тем самым, отражая представление о формировании иммунитета у высших позвоночных. В обзоре систематизированы современные данные об эволюции, структуре и функционировании иммунитета у бесчелюстных и челюстных рыб. Целью работы был анализ и обсуждение существующих знаний о роли различных органов и отдельных генов, участвующих в защитном механизме бесчелюстных и челюстных рыб, на основе чего можно составить представление об эволюционных изменениях в иммунной системе рыб. Иммунитет рыб является сложной системой, зависящей от многих факторов, таких как условия среды и генетика. Знание механизмов иммунной защиты рыб имеет фундаментальное значение для понимания эволюции иммунной системы позвоночных и является основой для разработки эффективных стратегий в аквакультуре, например, для создания вакцин и иммунностимуляторов. Был проведен сравнительный анализ современных литературных данных, при котором тщательно подобраны исследования отражающие характеристики иммунного ответа у рыб. Результаты обобщения необходимы для дальнейшего изучения устойчивости объектов аквакультуры к различным патогенам, с целью выращивания товарной рыбы безопасной для человека.

The immune system of fish, as the first vertebrates to possess all the main components of adaptive immunity, is of considerable interest for comparative immunology. In fish, as in other vertebrates, the immune system provides protection against a variety of pathogens; however, due to the peculiarities of their habitat, they have distinctive immune response properties. The organization of the immune system of fish is an important stage in the evolution of higher vertebrates, thus reflecting the idea of the formation of immunity in higher vertebrates. The review systematizes current data on the evolution, structure, and functioning of immunity in jawless and jawless fish. The aim of the work was to analyze and discuss existing knowledge about the role of various organs and individual genes involved in the defense mechanism of jawless and jawless fish, based on which it is possible to form an idea of evolutionary changes in the immune system of fish. Fish immunity is a complex system that depends on many factors, such as environmental conditions and genetics. Knowledge of the mechanisms of fish immune defense is fundamental to understanding the evolution of the vertebrate immune system and is the basis for developing effective strategies in aquaculture, for example, to create vaccines and immune stimulants. A comparative analysis of modern literature data was carried out, in which studies reflecting the characteristics of the immune response in fish were carefully selected. The results of the generalization are necessary for further study of the resistance of aquaculture facilities to various pathogens in order to grow commercial fish safe for humans.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.