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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2026.1.302</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-2020</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОХИМИЯ, МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOCHEMISTRY, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный морфологический анализ плаценты кобыл на последних сроках беременности методом гистоморфометрии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative morphological analysis of the placenta of mares in late pregnancy by histomorphometry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол.н., доц. каф.внутренних незаразных болезней, фармакологии и акушерства им. проф. Г.П. Сердцева</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Internal Non-Communicable Diseases,  Pharmacology and Obstetrics named after Professor G.P. Serdtsev</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеенко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeenko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р ветеринар. н., проф. каф. генетические и репродуктивные биотехнологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Veterinary Sciences. Professor of the Department of Genetic and Reproductive Biotechnologies</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdeenko0106@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нифонтов</surname><given-names>К. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nifontov</surname><given-names>K. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. ветеринар. наук, доцент кафедры внутренних  незаразных болезней, фармакологии и акушерства им. проф. Г.П. Сердцева</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Internal NonCommunicable Diseases, Pharmacology and Obstetrics named after  Professor G.P. Serdtsev</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доматов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Domatov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры внутренних незаразных болезней, фармакологии и акушерства имени профессора Г.П. Сердцева</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student of the Department of Internal  NonCommunicable Diseases, Pharmacology and Obstetrics named after Professor G.P. Serdtsev</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукаевский</surname><given-names>А. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukaevsky</surname><given-names>A. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> студ. 5 курса факультета ветеринарной медицины </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5th year student of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафронов</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safronov</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. ветеринар. н., доц. каф. биологии, экологии и гистологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor of  the Department of Biology, Ecology and Histology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Арктический государственный агротехнологический университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Arctic State Agrotechnological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>302</fpage><lpage>312</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Федоров В.И., Авдеенко В.С., Нифонтов К.Р., Доматов В.В., Лукаевский А.Ж., Сафронов Д.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федоров В.И., Авдеенко В.С., Нифонтов К.Р., Доматов В.В., Лукаевский А.Ж., Сафронов Д.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorov V.I., Avdeenko V.S., Nifontov K.R., Domatov V.V., Lukaevsky A.Z., Safronov D.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/2020">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/2020</self-uri><abstract><p>Гистоморфометрическое исследование плаценты кобыл на заключительных сроках беременности выявило статистически значимые различия в морфометрических параметрах при физиологическом и патологическом течении беременности. Были определены площадь хориоаллантоиса (см2), толщина хориона и ллантоамниона (мм), плотность ворсинок на единицу площади (ворсинок/см2) и на единицу поверхности хориона, а также диаметр и количество сосудов в аллантоамнионе на площади 100 см2. Анализ показал, что плацентарная недостаточность, проявляющаяся в виде преждевременных родов, плацентита и задержки последа, связана с дезорганизацией клеточных структур, характеризующейся их разреженным расположением в виде небольших, удаленных друг от друга скоплений. Напротив, у кобыл с физиологической беременностью наблюдается образование более плотных и когерентных скоплений клеток. Гистоморфометрия клеточных структур плодной части плаценты, в частности, топологические метрики сети, выступает в качестве основного различающего фактора, позволяющего количественно оценить специфические особенности плаценты кобыл в условиях патологических состояний. Распределение ворсинок хориоаллантоиса по всей поверхности плаценты и отсутствие плотных контактов с железистым эпителием матки образуют микрокотиледоны, что определяет классификацию плаценты кобыл как диффузной микрокотиледонозной эпителиохориальной. Наблюдается выраженная васкуляризация всех компонентов плаценты, включая амниотическую оболочку, стволовые и концевые ворсинки хориоаллантоиса. Стромальная часть плаценты, представленная амниотической оболочкой и ворсинками хориоаллантоиса, состоит в основном из коллагеновых волокон. Наличие длинных стержневых ворсинок в определенных областях плаценты (дистальная часть, середина контралатерального рога, линия разделения рогов, середина главного рога) коррелирует с их пространственным расположением в матке, обеспечивая оптимальный контакт с маточными железами для эффективного газообмена и питательной поддержки плода.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Histomorphometric examination of the placenta of mares in the final stages of gestation revealed statistically significant differences in morphometric parameters during the physiological and pathological course of pregnancy. The area of the chorioallantois (cm2), the thickness of the chorion and allantoamnion (mm), the density of villi per unit area (villi/cm2) and per unit surface of the chorion, as well as the diameter and number of vessels in the allantoamnion per area of 100 cm2 were quantified. The analysis showed that placental insufficiency, manifested in the form of premature birth, placentitis and retention of the afterbirth, is associated with the disorganization of cellular structures, characterized by their sparse arrangement in the form of small, distant clusters. In contrast, the formation of denser and more coherent cell clusters is observed in mares with physiological pregnancy. Histomorphometry of the cellular structures of the fetal part of the placenta, in particular, the topological metrics of the network, acts as the main discriminating factor that makes it possible to quantify the specific features of the placenta of mares in conditions of pathological conditions. The distribution of chorioallantois villi over the entire surface of the placenta and the absence of dense contacts with the glandular epithelium of the uterus form microcotyledons, which determines the classification of the placenta of mares as diffuse microcotyledonous epitheliochoric. There is marked vascularization of all components of the placenta, including the amniotic membrane, stem and terminal villi of the chorioallantois. The stromal part of the placenta, represented by the amniotic membrane and chorioallantois villi, consists mainly of collagen fibers. The presence of long stem villi in certain areas of the placenta (distal part, middle of the contralateral horn, dividing line of the horns, middle of the main horn) correlates with their spatial location in the uterus, providing optimal contact with the uterine glands for effective gas exchange and nutritional support of the fetus.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>топология плаценты</kwd><kwd>гистоархиморфометрия</kwd><kwd>анализ изображений</kwd><kwd>анализ главных компонент</kwd><kwd>триангуляция клеточных плацентарных структур</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>placental topology</kwd><kwd>histoarchimorphometry</kwd><kwd>image analysis</kwd><kwd>principal component analysis</kwd><kwd>triangulation of cellular placental structures</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Материалы подготовлены в рамках регионального конкурса Российского научного фонда 2026 года «Проведение фундаментальных научных исследований и поисковых научных исследований отдельными научными группами» (соглашение № 25-16-20118).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The materials were prepared as part of the 2026 regional competition of the Russian Science Foundation "Conducting Fundamental Scientific Research and Exploratory Scientific Research by Individual Research Groups" (https:// rscf.ru/proect/25-16-20118)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мормфогенез плаценты у крупного рогатого скота при эклампсии / Приходько С. 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