ivmМеждународный вестник ветеринарииInternational Journal of Veterinary Medicine2072-2419SpbGUVM Publishing House10.52419/issn2072-2419.2026.1.323ivm-2022Research ArticleАКУШЕРСТВО, ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯOBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGYАнализ гомозиготных районов в геноме кур породы китайская шелковая для выявления генов, влияющих на адаптационные качества птицыAnalysis of homozygous regions in the genome of chinese silkie chickens to identify genes affecting adaptive propertieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0210-9344ДементьеваН. В.DementievaN. V.

канд. биол. наук, зав. лаборатории молекулярной генетики

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics

dementevan@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6434-6287ЩербаковЮ. С.ShcherbakovYu. S.

канд. биол. наук, мл. науч. сотр.

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3828-1111НиколаеваО. А.NikolaevaO. A.

 аспирант 

Postgraduate Student Of The Laboratory Of Molecular Genetics

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5166-979XВахрамеевА. Б.VakhrameevA. B.

вед. зоотехник 

 Leading Livestock Specialist 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4702-2736МитрофановаО. В.MitrofanovaO. V.

 канд. биол. наук, вед. биолог 

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Biologist of the Molecular Genetics Laboratory

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных– филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста»РоссияRussian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding — Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryRussian Federation20263004202601323331Copyright © Дементьева Н.В., Щербаков Ю.С., Николаева О.А., Вахрамеев А.Б., Митрофанова О.В., 20262026Дементьева Н.В., Щербаков Ю.С., Николаева О.А., Вахрамеев А.Б., Митрофанова О.В.Dementieva N.V., Shcherbakov Y.S., Nikolaeva O.A., Vakhrameev A.B., Mitrofanova O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/2022

Гомозиготные районы в геноме являются маркерами регионов, испытывающих селекционное давление. Предположительно в этих регионах находятся гены, отвечающие за проявление целевых признаков отбора. В нашей работе было проведено полногеномное генотипирование с 30-кратным покрытием ДНК, выделенной из крови кур породы китайская шелковая (n=20), содержащихся в ЦКП «Генетическая коллекция редких и исчезающих пород кур» (ВНИИГРЖ, г. Санкт-Петербург - Пушкин). Цель данного исследования – выявление в исследуемой выборке регионов гомозиготности с поиском в этих регионах генов, связанных с адаптационными свойствами и иммунной резистентностью. После фильтрации в анализе использовались 10593367 SNP. Обнаружены гомозиготные районы на первой, третьей, четвертой, седьмой и девятой хромосомах. Выявлено 9 регионов, которые суммарно содержат 40 генов. Нами были аннотированы 25 генов, из которых в текущем исследовании будут рассмотрены гены, которые прямо или опосредовано оказывают влияние на адаптационные свойства кур и иммунный ответ: ген HAAO, на хромосоме 3; гены ATP5G3, ATF2, WIPF1, SCRN3, CIR1, OLA1 на хромосоме 7. Функциональная аннотация этих генов показала их связь с адаптивными и физиологическими процессами у кур. Ген HAAO выполняет ряд функций, среди которых реакция на тепловой стресс. Гены ATF2, ATP5G3, OLA1, WIPF1, SCRN3 и CIR1 формируют район, связанный со стресс-реактивностью, иммунным ответом, митохондриальной функцией и клеточным гомеостазом. Эти гены регулируют энергетический обмен, окислительный стресс, воспалительные сигналы, заживление тканей и межклеточную коммуникацию. Совокупно они отражают значимость метаболической устойчивости, иммунной защиты и стресс-адаптации для фенотипических особенностей изучаемой популяции. Предположительно, гомозиготное состояние вышеперечисленных генов имеет влияние на выносливость и высокую приспособленность к разным условиям жизни китайских шелковых кур.

Homozygous regions in the genome serve as markers of areas under selective pressure. These regions likely harbor genes responsible for key production traits targeted in breeding programs. For this study, we performed whole-genome genotyping at 30×coverage on DNA extracted from blood samples of Chinese Silkie chickens (n=20) maintained at the Center for Genetic Collections of Rare and Endangered Chicken Breeds (Pushkin, St. Petersburg, Russia). Our aim was to identify runs of homozygosity (ROH) in this population and pinpoint genes within them that relate to adaptive traits and immune resilience. After quality filtering, we analyzed 10,593,367 SNPs. We detected ROH on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 7, and 9, encompassing nine regions that collectively contain 40 genes. Of these, we annotated 25 genes; here, we focus on those that directly or indirectly influence adaptive capacity and immune responses in chickens: HAAO gene on chromosome 3, and ATP5G3, ATF2, WIPF1, SCRN3, CIR1, and OLA1 genes on chromosome 7. Functional annotation links these genes to adaptive and physiological processes in chickens. The HAAO gene contributes to multiple roles, including the heat stress response. Meanwhile, ATF2, ATP5G3, OLA1, WIPF1, SCRN3, and CIR1 form a cluster associated with stress reactivity, immune function, mitochondrial activity, and cellular homeostasis. Together, they modulate energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, tissue repair, and intercellular communication. This gene set underscores the importance of metabolic robustness, immune defense, and stress adaptation to the distinctive phenotype of the Chinese Silkie population. We posit that homozygosity at these loci enhances the breed's hardiness and adaptability across diverse rearing conditions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.