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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2026.1.406</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-2030</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКУШЕРСТВО, ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка генетического разнообразия крупного рогатого скота по гену грелин (GHRL)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of genetic diversity of cattle by the ghrelin gene (GHRL)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-3188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафина</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safina</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natysafina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8086-1788</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крупин</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krupin</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> д-р ветеринар. наук, вед. науч. сотр.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Veterinarian Sciences, Leading Researcher </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-1500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнутдинова</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gainutdinova</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> асп., науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Татарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture “Kazan Scientific Center of Russia Academy of Sciences”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>406</fpage><lpage>413</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сафина Н.Ю., Крупин Е.О., Гайнутдинова Э.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сафина Н.Ю., Крупин Е.О., Гайнутдинова Э.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Safina N.Y., Krupin E.O., Gainutdinova E.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/2030">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/2030</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью настоящего исследования являлась оценка популяционно-генетической структуры и параметров генетического биоразнообразия по полиморфному локусу g.4491A&gt;G (A375G) гена GHRL крупного рогатого скота татарстанского типа холмогорской породы. Грелин, кодируемый геном GHRL, играет ключевую роль в регуляции аппетита, энергетического обмена, роста и молочной продуктивности, что делает его перспективным маркером для селекции. Материалом для ДНК-тестирования послужили образцы крови 91 коровы. Генотипирование проводили методом ПЦР-ПДРФ с использованием эндонуклеазы рекстикции BstKT I. В результате были идентифицированы три генотипа: AA (9,9%), GA (52,7%) и GG (37,4%). Аллель A имел частоту 0,363, а аллель G – 0,637. Популяционно-генетический анализ показал, что изучаемое поголовье находится в состоянии генетического равновесия Харди-Вайнберга, наблюдается преобладание гетерозиготных генотипов, а мера информационного полиморфизма характеризует локус как умеренно полиморфный и информативный для селекционных программ. Проведенный сравнительный анализ с литературными данными выявил значительную межпородную и географическую вариабельность частот гена GHRL. Полученные результаты подчеркивают важность учета генетической специфики локальных пород и подтверждают потенциал использования полиморфизма гена GHRL в качестве молекулярно-генетического маркера для повышения эффективности селекции крупного рогатого скота. Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания, регистрационный номер 125031003428-9.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to assess the population-genetic structure and parameters of genetic biodiversity at the polymorphic locus g.4491A&gt;G (A375G) of the GHRL gene in cattle of the Tatarstan type of the Kholmogor breed. Ghrelin, encoded by the GHRL gene, plays a key role in regulating appetite, energy metabolism, growth, and dairy productivity, making it a promising marker for breeding. Blood samples from 91 cows served as the material for DNA testing. Genotyping was performed using PCRRFLP with the BstKT I restriction endonuclease. As a result, three genotypes were identified: AA (9.9%), GA (52.7%), and GG (37.4%). The frequency of allele A was 0.363, and that of allele G was 0.637. Population-genetic analysis showed that the studied population is in a state of HardyWeinberg equilibrium, with a predominance of heterozygous genotypes observed, and the polymorphism information content (PIC) characterizes the locus as moderately polymorphic and informative for breeding programs. A comparative analysis with literature data revealed significant interbreed and geographical variability in the frequencies of the GHRL gene. The obtained results emphasize the importance of considering the genetic specificity of local breeds and confirm the potential of using GHRL gene polymorphism as a molecular-genetic marker to enhance the efficiency of cattle breeding. The study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment, registration number 125031003428-9.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крупный рогатый скот</kwd><kwd>грелин</kwd><kwd>GHRL</kwd><kwd>ген</kwd><kwd>аллель</kwd><kwd>биоразнообразие</kwd><kwd>SNP (однонуклеотидный полиморфизм)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cattle</kwd><kwd>ghrelin</kwd><kwd>GHRL</kwd><kwd>gene</kwd><kwd>allele</kwd><kwd>biodiversity</kwd><kwd>SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по государственному заданию: «Совершенствование комплексных отечественных технологий селекции, растениеводства и животноводства на основе идентификации высокоценных генотипов, молекулярно-генетических методов, биотехнологий, конструирования адаптивных и высокопродуктивных агробиоценозов и агроэкосистем для производства экологической и функциональной продукции. Номер регистрации: 125031003428-9».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out according to a state assignment: «Improvement of complex domestic technologies of breeding, crop and livestock farming on the basis of identification of highvalue genotypes, molecular-genetic methods, biotechnology, design of adaptive and highly productive agrobiocoenosis and agroecosystems for the production of ecological and functional products. Registration number: 125031003428-9».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Association of Leptin Gene (LEP) Polymorphism with Growth Rates and Milk Production in Holstein First-Calf Heifers / N.A. Balakirev, N.Yu. Safina, Yu.R. Yulmetieva [et al.] // Russian Agricultural Sciences. – 2018. – T 44, No 5. – P. 460-464. 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