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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2026.2.292</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-2128</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОХИМИЯ, МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOCHEMISTRY, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Полиморфизм гена CSN3 и его связь с биохимическим профилем крови у голштинского скота</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Polymorphism of the CSN3  gene and its association with the blood biochemical profile in Holstein cattle</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-3188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафина</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safina</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natysafina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8086-1788</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крупин</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krupin</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р. вет. наук, вед. науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Veterinarian Sciences, Leading Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3362-0463</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакиров</surname><given-names>Ш. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakirov</surname><given-names>Sh. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р. с.-х. наук, гл. науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-1500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнутдинова</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gainutdinova</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> канд. с.-х. наук, науч. сотр. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Татарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture FRC “KSC RAS”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>292</fpage><lpage>299</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сафина Н.Ю., Крупин Е.О., Шакиров Ш.К., Гайнутдинова Э.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сафина Н.Ю., Крупин Е.О., Шакиров Ш.К., Гайнутдинова Э.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Safina N.Y., Krupin E.O., Shakirov S.K., Gainutdinova E.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/2128">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/2128</self-uri><abstract><p>Молекулярно-генетические маркеры, такие как полиморфизм гена каппа-казеина (CSN3), являются ключевым инструментом для повышения эффективности селекции молочного скота. Целью данного исследования было изучение полиморфизма гена CSN3 в популяции голштинского скота и оценка его ассоциаций с биохимическими показателями крови, отражающими метаболический статус животных. В исследуемом поголовье (146 гол.) методом ПЦР-ПДРФ определены частоты аллелей (A — 0,651, B — 0,349) и генотипов: AB (47,9 %; 70 гол.), AA (41,1 %; 60 гол.) и BB (11,0 %; 16 гол.). Результаты биохимического анализа по 12 ключевым показателям сыворотки крови статистически обработаны с использованием t-критерия Стьюдента в разрезе идентифицированных генотипов. Выявлены значимые ассоциации полиморфизма CSN3 с биохимическим профилем. Носители аллеля B, особенно с генотипом BB, характеризовались достоверно более высоким уровнем показателей белкового обмена (общий белок, альбумины, мочевина, креатинин) и активности ферментов классов аминотрансфераз (АСТ, АЛТ) и гидролаз (щелочная фосфатаза), а также сниженными концентрациями билирубина и глюкозы по сравнению с животными генотипа AA. Полученные данные указывают на более интенсивный метаболизм и эффективную работу печени у коров с аллелем B. Результаты подтверждают плейотропный эффект гена CSN3, связывающий генетический вариант не только с качеством молока, но и с метаболическим профилем организма. Это обосновывает целесообразность использования данного гена в качестве маркера для комплексной оценки и прогноза метаболической адаптации в селекционных программах для голштинского скота. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания, регистрационный номер 125031003428-9.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Molecular genetic markers, such as the polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene (CSN3), are a important tool for increasing the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding. The aim of this study was to investigate CSN3 polymorphism in a Holstein cattle population and to assess its associations with blood biochemical parameters reflecting the animals’ metabolic status. In the studied herd (146 animals), allele (A — 0,651, B — 0,349) and genotype frequencies were determined using the PCR-RFLP method: AB (47,9 %; 70 animals), AA (41,1 %; 60 animals), and BB (11,0 %; 16 animals). The results of the biochemical analysis for 12 blood serum parameters were statistically processed using t-test Student in the context of the identified genotypes. Significant associations of CSN3 polymorphism with the biochemical profile were revealed. Carriers of the B allele, especially those with the BB genotype, were characterized by a significantly higher level of protein metabolism indicators (total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine) and activity of enzymes from the classes of aminotransferases (AST, ALT) and hydrolases (alkaline phosphatase), as well as lower concentrations of bilirubin and glucose compared to animals with the AA genotype. The obtained data indicate more intensive metabolism and efficient liver function in cows with the B allele. The results confirm the pleiotropic effect of the CSN3 gene, linking the genetic variant not only to milk quality but also to the body’s metabolic profile. This substantiates the feasibility of using this gene as a marker for the comprehensive assessment and prediction of metabolic adaptation in Holstein cattle breeding programs. The work was carried out according to a state assignment, registration number 125031003428-9</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ген</kwd><kwd>аллель</kwd><kwd>биоразнообразие</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>CSN3</kwd><kwd>каппа-казеин</kwd><kwd>крупный рогатый скот</kwd><kwd>сыворотка крови</kwd><kwd>биохимия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ygene</kwd><kwd>allele</kwd><kwd>biodiversity</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>CSN3</kwd><kwd>kappa-casein</kwd><kwd>cattle</kwd><kwd>blood serum</kwd><kwd>biochemistry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по государственному заданию: «Совершенствование комплексных отечественных технологий селекции, растениеводства и животноводства на основе идентификации высокоценных генотипов, молекулярно-генетических методов, биотехнологий, конструирования адаптивных и высокопродуктивных агробиоценозов и агроэкосистем для производства экологической и функциональной продукции. Номер регистрации: 125031003428-9».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out according to a state assignment: «Improvement of complex domestic technologies of breeding, crop and livestock farming on the basis of identification of high-value genotypes, molecular-genetic methods, biotechnology, design of adaptive and highly productive agrobiocoenosis and agro-ecosystems for the production of ecological and functional products. Registration number: 125031003428-9».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ершов Р. О. Продуктивные качества коров самарского типа чёрно-пёстрой породы разных линий в зависимости от полиморфизма гена каппа-казеина / Р. О. 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