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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52419/issn2072-2419.2026.2.374</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-2141</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕЗАРАЗНЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Геномная архитектура наследственных дефектов в популяциях мясного скота: от молекулярной диагностики к инновационным подходам терапии (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genomic architecture of hereditary defects in beef cattle populations: from molecular diagnostics to innovative therapy approaches (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2793-5001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безбородова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezborodova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. ветеринар. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Vet. Sciences, Senior Researcher, Department of Genomic Research and Animal Breeding </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1169-4090</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р ветеринар. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Department of Genomic Research and Animal Breeding</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0005-2161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. ветеринар. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Vet. Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Department of Genomic Research and Animal Breeding</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9251-0056</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory Assistant at the Department of Genomic Research and Animal Breeding</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9408-8106</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory Assistant at the Department of Genomic Research and Animal Breeding</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1561-5553</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печёнкина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pechenkina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory Assistant at the Department of Genomic Research and Animal Breeding</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4919-698X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулагина</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulagina</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory Assistant at the Department of Genomic  Research and Animal Breeding </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plnkulagina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Уральский федеральный аграрный научно-исследовательский центр Уральского отделения РАН»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>374</fpage><lpage>380</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Безбородова Н.А., Соколова О.В., Зайцева О.С., Мартынов Н.А., Зверев А.В., Печёнкина М.А., Кулагина П.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Безбородова Н.А., Соколова О.В., Зайцева О.С., Мартынов Н.А., Зверев А.В., Печёнкина М.А., Кулагина П.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bezborodova N.A., Sokolova O.V., Zaitseva O.S., Martynov N.A., Zverev A.V., Pechenkina M.A., Kulagina P.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/2141">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/2141</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзорной статье представлен комплексный анализ современных данных о наследственных аномалиях у мясных пород крупного рогатого скота, включая гипотрихоз (HY), дилютор (DL), идиопатическую эпилепсию (IE), деформацию нижней челюсти (MD) и болезнь кленового сиропа (MSUD). Актуальность темы обусловлена снижением репродуктивных показателей в скотоводстве, накоплением инбредной депрессии и экономическим ущербом от наследственных патологий. Обобщены результаты геномных исследований, выявившие ключевые мутации (в генах KRT71, PMEL, CYP26C1, BCKDHA/BCKDHB) и их плейотропные эффекты, влияющие на фенотип и продуктивные качества. Показано, что молекулярные механизмы аномалий варьируют от простых делеций до нарушений ферментативных систем и сигнальных путей эмбриогенеза. Особое внимание уделено феномену антагонистической плейотропии, создающему дилемму для селекционеров. На основе сравнительно-географического анализа установлены значительные межпопуляционные вариации частот нежелательных аллелей, связанные с интенсивностью селекции и эффектом «основателя». На примере MSUD рассмотрены перспективные стратегии терапии: от метаболического контроля до генной терапии на основе AAV-векторов и редактирования оснований (ABE8e) в органоидных моделях. Подчёркнута общность молекулярных механизмов наследственных заболеваний у человека и животных, что открывает возможности для трансляционных исследований. Отмечена целесообразность внедрения программ неонатального скрининга в племенном животноводстве по аналогии с медицинской практикой. Сформулированы рекомендации по построению системы управления генетическим здоровьем в мясном скотоводстве, основанной на обязательном ДНК-тестировании, контроле инбридинга, учёте плейотропных эффектов и интеграции биотехнологий. Работа представляет интерес для специалистов в области ветеринарной генетики, селекции и биотехнологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review article presents a comprehensive analysis of current data on hereditary anomalies in beef cattle breeds, including hypotrichosis (HY), dilutor (DL), idiopathic epilepsy (IE), mandibulofacial dysplasia (MD), and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). The results of genomic studies that identified key mutations (in the KRT71, PMEL, CYP26C1, BCKDHA/BCKDHB genes) and their pleiotropic effects, impacting both phenotype and productive qualities of the animals, are summarized. Particular attention is paid to the differences in the prevalence of genetic defects in cattle across various countries, which is associated with the intensity of selection, the level of inbreeding, and the effectiveness of genetic monitoring programs. Using the example of the genetic anomaly causing maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) in animals, promising therapeutic strategies are considered—from conservative metabolic control to innovative approaches using AAV vector-based gene therapy and in vitro base editing. The commonality of molecular mechanisms of hereditary diseases in humans and farm animals is emphasized, opening opportunities for translational research. Recommendations are formulated for building a genetic health management system in beef cattle breeding, based on mandatory DNA testing, inbreeding control, accounting for pleiotropic effects in selection, and the integration of advanced biotechnologies. The work is of interest to specialists in the field of veterinary genetics, breeding, and biotechnology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крупный рогатый скот</kwd><kwd>мясные породы</kwd><kwd>наследственные аномалии</kwd><kwd>гипотрихоз</kwd><kwd>дилютор</kwd><kwd>мандибулофациальная дисплазия</kwd><kwd>болезнь кленового сиропа (MSUD)</kwd><kwd>геномная селекция</kwd><kwd>генная терапия</kwd><kwd>редактирование генома</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cattle</kwd><kwd>beef breeds</kwd><kwd>hereditary anomalies</kwd><kwd>hypotrichosis</kwd><kwd>dilutor</kwd><kwd>mandibulofacial dysplasia</kwd><kwd>maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)</kwd><kwd>genomic selection</kwd><kwd>gene therapy</kwd><kwd>genome editing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Материалы подготовлены в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России № 0532– 2025-0003 «Разработка высокоточных методов идентификации генетических детерминант устойчивости к заболеваниям для использования в селекции крупного рогатого скота».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No. 0532–2025-0003 «Development of high-precision methods for identifying genetic determinants of disease resistance for use in cattle breeding».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Состояние мясного скотоводства в Российской Федерации / И. 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