ivmМеждународный вестник ветеринарииInternational Journal of Veterinary Medicine2072-2419SpbGUVM Publishing Houseivm-672Research ArticleФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ, ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ, ФАРМАЦИЯPHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY, PHARMACYВлияние гидролизата клеточной стенки лактобактерий lactobacillus delbrueckii на процессы иммунной защитыEffect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii cell wall hydrolysate on immune protection processesСухаренкоЕ. В.SukharenkoE. V.

 доктор биологических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры физиологии, фармакологии и токсикологии им. А.Н. Голикова и И.Е. Мозгова 

Moscow

НедзвецкийВ. С.NedzvetskyV. S.

 доктор биологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры биофизики и биохимии 

Днепр

Dnipro

МаксимовВ. И.MaksimovV. I.

 доктор биологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедрыфизиологии, фармакологии и токсикологии им. А.Н. Голикова и И.Е. Мозгова 

Moscow

ФГБОУ ВО «Московская государственная академия ветеринарной медицины и биотехнологии – МВА имени К.И. Скрябина»РоссияFSBEI HE «Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MBA by K.I.ScriabinRussian FederationДНУ им. О.ГончараУкраинаDNU by O. HoncharaUkraine202119072021023241Copyright © Сухаренко Е.В., Недзвецкий В.С., Максимов В.И., 20212021Сухаренко Е.В., Недзвецкий В.С., Максимов В.И.Sukharenko E.V., Nedzvetsky V.S., Maksimov V.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/672

 Фрагменты пептидогликанов – мурамил пептиды – инициируют комплексный клеточный ответ через  активацию рецепторов распознавания образов. За  последние два десятилетия было открыто множество  структурных последовательностей, связывающих PG (белки, содержащие LysM; внутриклеточные регуляторные белки, принадлежащие к семейству NOD-подобных рецепторов;  белки, связывающие домен с пенициллинами и Ser/Thr-киназы; белки распознавания пептидогликанов;  лектиноподобные рецепторы С-типа; эукариотические цитозольные гексониказы). Показано, что использование мурамил пептидов является эффективным инструментом для модуляции клеточного ответа, в том числе и для усиления продукции провоспалительных цитокинов. Выявлена  цитотоксичность фракций пептидогликанов в отношении  различных типов опухолей, включая саркому, лейкоз, меланому и рак легких. Опухолевая активность  муропептидов, ассоциированная с антипролиферативным и  цитотоксическим действием, связана с модуляцией  продукции цитокинов и хемокинов. Особо значимо, что  мурамил пептиды способны снижать биоэнергетическое  соотношение митохондрий, связанная с опухолью аномалия  энергетического метаболизма может быть  причиной подавления раковых процессов. В природных условиях загрязнения окружающей среды  иммуномодулирующий эффект ферментативного  гидролизата клеточной стенки лактобацилл Lactobacillus  Delbrueckii проявляется в комплексной стимуляции  гуморального и клеточного звеньев иммунного ответа, что подтверждается ростом показателей бактерицидной и  лизоцимной активности молозива. Использование таких  иммуномодуляторов может быть перспективной основой  для регуляции механизмов иммунной резистентности,  поддержания здоровья и увеличения привеса животных в  первые недели жизни. 

 Fragments of peptidoglycans, namely muramyl peptides, induce a complex cellular response through the activation of pattern recognition receptors. Over the past two decades, many structural sequences have been discovered that bind PG (proteins containing LysM; intracellular regulatory proteins of  NOD-like receptors; proteins that bind the domain with penicillins and Ser / Thr-kinases; peptidoglycan recognition proteins; lectin-like receptors of C -type; eukaryotic  cytosolic hexonicases). It has been shown that the use of muramyl peptides is an effective tool for modulating the cellular response, and for enhancing the production of proinflammatory cytokines in particular. The cytotoxicity of peptidoglycan fractions against various types of tumors, including sarcoma, leukemia, melanoma, and lung cancer, has been revealed. The tumor activity of  muropeptides with antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects is associated with modulation of cytokine and chemokine production. It is especially significant that muramyl peptides are able to reduce the bioenergetic ratio of mitochondria as an anomaly of energy metabolism, associated with a tumor, may be the cause of suppression of cancer processes. Under natural conditions of environmental pollution, the immunomodulatory effect of the enzymatic hydrolyzate of the cell wall of Lactobacillus delbrueckiiis manifested the complex stimulation of the humoral and cellular links of the immune response, which was confirmed by an increase in the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of colostrum. The use of such immunomodulators can be a promising basis for regulation of the mechanisms of immune resistance, maintaining health and increasing the weight gain of animals for the first weeks of life. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.