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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ivm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный вестник ветеринарии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Journal of Veterinary Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SpbGUVM Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/issn2072-2419.2021.3.192</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ivm-744</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКУШЕРСТВО, ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные подходы при получении и криоконсервации эмбрионов крупного рогатого скота in vitro</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern approaches for obtaining and cryoconservation of cattle embryos in vitro</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доц., к.вет.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>docent, PhD of Vet. Scie.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО СПбГУВМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education «St. Petersburg State University of veterinary medicine»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>192</fpage><lpage>205</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитин Г.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитин Г.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitin G.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/744">https://vetjournal.spbguvm.ru/jour/article/view/744</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время трансплантация эмбрионов сельскохозяйственных животных широко применяется в воспроизводстве во многих странах [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]. Однако, из-за не высокой эффективности и низкой приживляемости эмбрионов, в сравнении с искусственным осеменением, она используется преимущественно как дополнительный биотехнологический метод, направленный на более рациональное использование генетически ценных племенных животных и ускорения селекции, особенно в отношении племенного ядра [1–7]. Использование технологии получения эмбрионов крупного скота in vitro (IVP – in vitro produced) позволяет значительно ускорить интенсивность селекции животных и является актуальной темой для изучения [8–10]. Исследования многих ученых направлены на изучение аспектов, связанных с фолликулогенезом, стимуляцией полиовуляции, и факторов, влияющих на эмбрионы и ооциты, позволяющие увеличить эффективность данной процедуры [11– 15]. Однако, современные лидеры в репродуктивных технологиях, такие как Agtech, Inc., IETS, Animal Reproduction Laboratory (Colorado State University) и другие, не дают конкретных инструкций и рекомендаций по производству эмбрионов in vitro, а получаемые достижения в этой сфере описываются в основном в научных публикациях. В статье представлен обзор ключевых этапов современных биотехнологических методов ускоренного воспроизводства высокоценных сельскохозяйственных животных, включая пункцию фолликулов и аспирацию ооцитов (OPU – ovum pic-up), созревание ооцитов в лабораторных условиях (IVM – in vitro maturation), подготовку спермы и оплодотворение ооцитов (IVF – in vitro fertilization), культивирование эмбрионов (IVC – in vitro culture), а также криоконсервацию полученных эмбрионов. Представленный в публикации литературный обзор затрагивает вопросы фолликулогенеза и овогенеза животных, и некоторые принципы нейроэндокринной регуляции эстрального цикла и их взаимосвязь при использовании различных методик получения ооцитов. Публикации различных авторов по данной тематике позволили обобщить используемые методы и представить их в статье в форме сводных таблиц, в которых описаны различия температурных режимов инкубирования, условия транспортировки биоматериала, рассмотрены основные физические параметры внешней среды культивирования ооцитов, их оплодотворения и дальнейшего развития, освещены характеристики и состав различных питательных сред, описаны методы подготовки спермы для проведения оплодотворения ооцитов, а также обобщены сводные данные по калибровке рабочих растворов при центрифугировании спермы в градиентах плотности, в том числе определены некоторые закономерности криоконсервации эмбрионов различными методами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, the transplantation of embryos of farm animals is widely used in reproduction in many countries. However, due to the low efficiency and low survival rate of embryos, in comparison with artificial insemination, it is used mainly as an additional biotechnological method, aimed at more rational use of genetically valuable breeding animals and accelerating selection, especially in relation to the breeding nucleus. The use of the technology for in vitro production of cattle embryos (IVP - in vitro produced) makes it possible to significantly accelerate the intensity of animal breeding and is an urgent topic for study. Researches by many scientists are aimed at studying aspects associated with folliculogenesis, stimulation of poliovirus, and factors affecting embryos and oocytes, which can increase the effectiveness of this procedure. However, modern leaders in reproductive technologies, such as Agtech, Inc., IETS, Animal Reproduction Laboratory (Colorado State University) and others, do not give specific instructions and recommendations for the production of embryos in vitro, and the achievements in this area are described mainly in scientific publications. The article provides an overview of the key stages of modern biotechnological methods for accelerated reproduction of high-value farm animals, including follicle puncture and oocyte aspiration (OPU - ovum pic-up), oocyte maturation in vitro (IVM - in vitro maturation), sperm preparation and oocyte fertilization (IVF - in vitro fertilization), embryo cultivation (IVC - in vitro culture), as well as cryopreservation of the resulting embryos. The literature review presented in the publication touches upon the issues of folliculogenesis and oogenesis in animals, and some principles of neuroendocrine regulation of the estrous cycle and their relationship, when using various methods of obtaining oocytes. Publications of various authors over this topic made it possible to generalize the methods used and present them in the article at the form of summary tables, which describe the differences in temperature regimes of incubation, the conditions for transporting biomaterial, considered the main physical parameters of the external environment of oocyte cultivation; their fertilization and further development; highlights the characteristics and the composition of various nutrient media; methods for preparing sperm for oocyte fertilization are described, and summary data on the calibration of working solutions during centrifugation of sperm in density gradients are summarized, including some patterns of cryopreservation of embryos by various methods</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация эмбрионов</kwd><kwd>высокопродуктивные животные</kwd><kwd>бластоциста</kwd><kwd>ооцит</kwd><kwd>созревание ооцитов</kwd><kwd>фертилизация</kwd><kwd>капацитация</kwd><kwd>культивирование эмбрионов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>embryo transplantation</kwd><kwd>highly productive animals</kwd><kwd>blastocyst</kwd><kwd>oocyte</kwd><kwd>oocyte maturation</kwd><kwd>fertilization</kwd><kwd>capacitation</kwd><kwd>embryo cultivation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-116-50169.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-116-50169.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зиновьева Н.А., Позябин С.В., Чинаров Р.Ю. 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