Histological characteristics of mammary adenocarcinoma in ornamental rats

Abstract

Oncological diseases are a serious problem in veterinary medicine, requiring special attention in diagnosis and treatment. In animals, malignant neoplasms are characterized by uncontrolled cell growth with invasive spread into surrounding tissues, which significantly complicates therapy and worsens the prognosis. The late diagnosis of tumors in animals is particularly difficult due to the absence of specific symptoms in the early stages. This necessitates an in-depth study of the mechanisms of neoplasm development in various animal species and the development of effective protocols for their treatment. In this work, we studied one of the most common malignant neoplasms in rats - mammary adenocarcinoma, which is a rather aggressive tumor developing from the glandular epithelium. The neoplasm under study is characterized by rapid invasive growth and a high tendency to recurrence. We conducted clinical examinations and treatment of female ornamental rats aged 1 to 2 years with a neoplasm in the breast area in the conditions of the Saratov Rodentovet veterinary clinic and the Vavilovsky University. For diagnosis, we conducted comprehensive clinical examinations, including a visual assessment of the animal's condition, a palpatory examination of the neoplasm and an assessment of the general status. The examination revealed dense, immobile formations with a diameter of about 1-1.3 cm, soldered to the underlying tissues, with unchanged skin above the tumor. We performed surgical procedures that allowed us to remove the tumors.