Morphofunctional parameters of the mammary gland of Holstein cattle of different genotypes according to the STAT3 gene

The STAT3 gene encodes the cytoplasmic protein signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Currently, based mainly on foreign genome-wide studies, there is information on the association of the gene with energy metabolism, linear dimensions and live weight, but they were carried out mainly on laboratory animals and humans, and there is not enough such information on cattle. Objective: to study the morphofunctional parameters of the mammary gland of Holstein cattle of different genotypes for the STAT3 gene. The work was carried out in 2024-2025 on Holstein cows (n = 26) of Sushchevo, Kostroma Region. In the animals of the sample, the morphofunctional parameters of the mammary gland were assessed, the number of somatic cells (SC) in milk and the genotype for the STAT3 gene were determined. As a result of the research, it was found that the heterozygous genotype STAT3^CT (0.538) had the highest frequency. The clinical form of catarrhal mastitis with a SC of more than 800 thousand cells/ml was registered in animals of the STAT3^CC genotype. Also, the most optimal indicators of morphofunctional parameters of the mammary gland were noted in individuals of the STAT3^CC genotype. At the same time, as a result of the analysis of the case-control model, a statistically significant chance of mastitis occurrence in carriers of the STAT3C allele was determined by 5.6 times compared to carriers of the STAT3^T allele. This should be taken into account when breeding animals and paying attention to their maintenance. To support the hypothesis and increase the objectivity of the proposed conclusions, it is necessary to increase the number of animals in the sample, study these trends in other cattle populations.

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