Morphological examination of the isthmus of the oviduct in the cross Hysex white chicken

Abstract

The  reproductive  function  of  birds  and the hatchability of eggs are one of the most important and determining factors in raising poultry, and depend on a number of not only genetic,  physiological,  environmental,  but also morphological factors. The main goal of this article is to identify the features of the macro- and microscopic structure of the isthmus of the oviduct in a Highsex white cross chicken. The object of the study is the oviduct of a Highsex white cross chicken at the age of 180 days. For histological examination, the material was fixed in a 10% aqueous  solution  of  neutral  formaldehyde,  followed  by  embedding  in  paraffin.  The  research materials were subjected to statistical processing using the STATISTICA 6.1 program. As a result of our research, we noted that  the  isthmus  of  the  oviduct  is  located between the albumen section and the bird's uterus and has a small diameter, representing a  narrow  strip  of  tissue  (translucent  zone) with  the  presence  of  tubular  glands.  The mucous  membrane  of  the  isthmus  is  lined with multirow ciliated epithelium. Between the  primary  folds  there  are  deep  crypts, which  with  their  base  are  embedded  deep into the lamina propria; they contain many branched  glands  that  open  into  ducts  onto the surface of the mucous membrane. In the subepithelial  layer  of  the  lamina  propria, fibers of loose connective tissue are located, tightly  surrounding  the  branched  tubular glands. The mucous membrane of the isthmus occupies 59.74% of the total thickness of  the  isthmus.  Muscular  membrane  – 29.16%.  While  the  serous  membrane  accounts for 11.1% of the total thickness of the isthmus wall. The mucous membrane of the isthmus, due to the active secretory function of the glands, is 2 times the thickness of the muscular layer.