Analysis of the ecological and hydrochemical state of lake akkel in the conditions of foothill of dagestan

Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems. Industrial waste, agricultural fertilizers and domestic wastewater enter to water bodies, leading to the death of aquatic organisms and deterioration of the quality of drinking water. Particularly dangerous are heavy metals and pesticides, which can accumulate in living organisms, causing chronic diseases and genetic mutations. Solving of these problems requires an integrated approach. It is necessary to develop and implement water purification technologies, improve wastewater collection and processing systems, and introduce methods of the rational use of water in agriculture and industry. This work is based on our own materials, obtained during research es, conducted on Lake Akkel and its tributaries. Oz. Akkel has fresh water and is located in the eastern part of the Buinaksky district. From the data presented it is clear, that water samples, taken in different sites, may differ. For example, a noticeable excess of the concentration of nitrate ion was noted in samples, taken from areas 4 and 5. In other areas no excess on this indicator was observed. On hydrocarbonate ion water samples in points 1, 4-6 had overestimated values. Sample 6 had a particularly noticeable excess of sodium and magnesium cations, exceeding the maximum permissible values in 14 and 54 times, respectively. Water hardness was too high (153,0) at point N. 6. The conducted studies showed, that the water in the studied reservoir is characterized by favorable hydrochemical regime, with the exception of water hardness, a significant excess of which, according to many authors, can negatively effect on the reproduction of aquatic organisms, living in this reservoir. In addition, most aquatic plants are also sensitive to water hardness and prefer softer water environments.

1. Ashikhmina T. Ya. Environmental monitoring / edited by T. Ya. Ashikhmina, I. M. Zarubina, L. V. Kondakova, E. V. Ryabova. Kirov: OOO "Tipografiya Staraya Vyatka". 2012. 95 p.

2. Drugov, Yu. S., Rodin A. A. / Analysis of polluted water: a practical guide - Moscow: Publishing house "Laboratory of knowledge", 2015. - 681 p.

3. Idrisov I. A. Transformation of geosystems of the coastal zone of Dagestan, in connection with the drop in the Caspian Sea level // Transactions of the Geographical Society of the Republic of Dagestan. 2013. Issue. 41. Pp. 40-43.

4. Ramazanova D.M., Barkhalov R.M., Aigubova S.A. Hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological regimes in the northern part of the Agrakhan Bay // Actual problems and prospects of fisheries, aquaculture and environmental monitoring of aquatic ecosystems of the Russian Federation: collection of materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference (with international participation). Makhachkala, 2022. Pp. 183-191.

5. Ramazanova D.M., Anokhina A.Z., Sudakova N.V. Assessment of the current state of Northern Agrakhan by hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators // Fisheries. 2023. No. 3. Pp. 67-71.

6. Rasulova, M.M. Anthropogenic pollution as a factor in increasing the trophic level of small reservoirs on the example of Lake AkGel / M.M. Rasulova // News of the Dagestan State Pedagogical University. Natural and exact sciences. - 2008. - No. 3. - P. 89-95.

7. Sapozhnikov V.V., Agatova A.I., Arzhanova N.V., Guide to chemical analysis of sea and fresh waters in environmental monitoring of fishery reservoirs and areas of the World Ocean promising for fishing / [and others]. Moscow: VNIRO Publishing House, 2008. 202 p.

8. Semenova A.A., Magritsky D.V., Samokhin M.A. and others. Hydrological and morphological degradation of the Agrakhan Gulf: features, causes, solutions // The Fourth Vinogradarsky Readings. Hydrology from knowledge to worldview: collection of reports of the International scientific conference in memory of the outstanding Russian scientist Yu.B. - SPb.: VVM Publishing House, 2020. – P. 524-529.

9. Methods of environmental monitoring of the quality of living environments and assessment of their environmental safety: a tutorial / O. I. Bukhtoyarov [et al.]. Kurgan: Publishing house of Kurgan State University, 2015. – 239 p.

10. Brigada A.V., Elizarova A.S., Shishanov G.A. Factors influencing the tolerance of sturgeon fish species to hypoxia // Journal of Veterinary Science and Feeding 2023. No. 5 P. 7-10.