Mastocytomas in dogs: the most common complications of surgical interventions
https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2024.3.466
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) - is a malignant tumor consisting of mast cells (mastocytes). In English-language literature it is found under the terms "mast cell tumor", "mast cell sarcoma". It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. Some breeds are predisposed to MCT development, including Boxer; Bull Terrier; French Bulldog; Golden Retriever; Labrador Retriever; Shar-pei; and Dachshund. On the other hand, some breeds present a lower risk of MCT development, including the German Shepherd, Chihuahua, Poodle, Yorkshire Terrier, and Cocker Spaniel. The metastatic potential of MCTs varies according to its histopathological classification, occurring in less than 10% of cases of well-differentiated mast cell tumors, in 5% to 22% of moderately differentiated neoplasms, and in 55% to 95% of poorly differentiated cases. In order to exclude tumor metastasis to internal organs, it is recommended to perform ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, computed tomography, with further determination of the metastasis site. In 8 out of 10 cases, we encountered a strong reaction to the suture material, regardless of its choice, as well as abundant exudation and alternation of various drainage systems. To wash the wound pocket and treat it, we used a 0.9% sodium chloride solution, or a combination of 0.9% sodium chloride solution and betadine in a ratio of 1:10. When using a 0.05% chlorhexidine solution, a decrease in the regenerative ability of the tissue and painful sensations during washing were eliminated. The further prognosis depends on the results of histological examination, the degree of malignancy, high/medium/low differentiated according to Patnaik and Kiupel. With highly differentiated mastocytoma, wide boundaries and clean edges of resection, the risk of metastasis is minimal and there is no need for chemotherapeutic treatment. However, it is always necessary to monitor the condition of the animal: a checkup by an oncologist, ultrasound of the liver and spleen monthly for the first 3 months, then gradually reduce the number of visits to 1 every 3 months three times, 1 every six months. Further recommendations for visits will depend on the oncologist' s discretion.
About the Authors
M. A. Ladanova
St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ladanova M.A. – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of General, Private and Operative Surgery
E. S. Smetanina
St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Smetanina E.S. – Assistant Professor of General, Private and Operative Surgery
References
1. Blackwood L. European consensus document on mast cell tumours in dogs and cats / Blackwood L., Murphy S., Buracco P., De Vos J.P., De Fornel-Thibaud P., Hirschberger J., Kessler M., Pastor J., Ponce F., Savary-Bataille K., et al. // Vet. Comp. Oncol. – 2012, vol.10. - pp. e1–e29.
2. Nazarova, A.V. The possibilities of analgesia in patients with oncological pathologies / A.V. Nazarova, B.S. Semenov, A.A. Dudchenko // Materials of the VI International Congress "EFFECTIVE AND SAFE MEDICINES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE". - 2024. - pp. 94-97.
3. Pratschke K.M. Evaluation of a modified proportional margins approach for surgical resection of mast cell tumors in dogs: 40 cases (2008–2012) / Pratschke K.M., Atherton M.J., Sillito J.A., Lamm C.G. // J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. – 2013, vol. 243. – pp. 1436–1441.
4. Ruksha T.G. The significance of C-KIT gene mutations in the diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors / Ruksha T.G., Sergeeva E.Yu., Fefelova Yu.A., Khorzhevsky V.A. // Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology. – 2021. – pp. 61‑68.
5. Smetanina E.S. Topical application of sulfathiazole silver n the treatment of chronic wounds / E. S. Smetanina, S.A. Sychev // Materials of the XII International Scientific Conference of Students, Postgraduates, and Young Scientists "Knowledge of young for the development of veterinary medicine and the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Country", dedicated to the 215th Anniversary of St. Petersburg State Medical University – 2023. - pp. 369-370.
6. Gamlem H. Canine neoplasia— Introductory paper / Gamlem H., Nordstoga K., Glattre E. // APMIS. Suppl. – 2008. – pp. 5–18.
7. Grabarević, Z. Mast cell tumor in dogs--incidence and histopathological characterization / Grabarević, Z., Spoljar, J. B., Kurilj, A. G., Sostarić-Zuckermann, I. C., Artuković, B., Hohsteter, M., Beck, A., Dzaja, P., & Strmecki, N. M. // Collegium antropologicum, vol. 33. – 2009. – pp. 253-258.
8. Kimura K.C. Retrospective Study of Neoplasms in Domestic Animals: A Survey Between 1993 and 2002 of the Service of Animal Pathology Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of Sao Paulo Southeast Brazil / Kimura K.C., Gárate A.P., Dagli M.L.Z. // J. Vet. Pathol. – 2012. – pp. 60–69.
9. Pakhrin B. Retrospective study of canine cutaneous tumors in Korea / Pakhrin B., Kang M., Bae I., Park, M., Jee H., You M., Kim J., Yoon B., Choi Y., Kim D. // Journal of veterinary science. – 2007. – pp. 229–236.
10. Thamm D.H. Miscellaneous tumors: Hemangiosarcoma / Thamm D.H., Withrow S., Vail D., Page R. // Withrow and MacEwen’s Small Animal Clinical Oncology. - 5th ed. - 2013. pp. 679–688.
11. Villamil J.A. Identification of the most common cutaneous neoplasms in dogs and evaluation of breed and age distributions for selected neoplasms / Villamil J.A., Henry C.J., Bryan J.N., Ellersieck M., Schultz L., Tyler J.W., Hahn A.W. // J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. – 2011. – pp. 960–965.
12. Warland J. Breed predispositions in canine mast cell tumour: A single centre experience in the United Kingdom / Warland J., Dobson // J.M. Vet. J. – 2013. – pp. 496–498.
13. Immunohistochemical methods: guidelines / George L. Kumar, Lars Rudbeck — 2011.
Review
For citations:
Ladanova M.A., Smetanina E.S. Mastocytomas in dogs: the most common complications of surgical interventions. International Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2024;(3):466-473. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2024.3.466
Views:
85
Email this article 