Molecular biological characteristics of the intestinal microbiocenosis of dogs on a mixed diet

Metabarcoding research of the domestic animal intestines is relevant for veterinary medicine. The effect of feeding and food additives on its gut microbiome is of both applied and fundamental significance and demonstrates the stimulation of the various groups of bacteria development. The objective of our work is to study the effect of the domestic complete pet feed Dilly on the microbial community of the dogs’ intestines in breeding kennel of Irkutsk. The microbiome composition was determined in 12 animals of different ages having used Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA. Rates diversity had been adapted to evaluate the affluence and prominence of Bacterial operational and taxonomic units and nonparametric Mann-Whitney criteria (correlative test, p≤0,05) used to evaluate the certainty value of the difference of operational and taxonomic unit percentage in different physiological groups. All in all, 147150 the 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences were obtained. The dominant bacteria turned out to be the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria. The animals that had been under research had almost no Fusobacteriota bacteria - markers of a diet with a predominance of raw meat (predation). The Firmicutes phylum included bacteria from five families. The most numerous families among the Firmicutes were the Lactobacillaceae bacteria. Representatives of seven families were observed among Actinobacteriota bacteria, of which Bifidobacteriaceae predominated. Proteobacteria of the Enterobacterales order and Burkholderiales made up a small proportion of the entire community and depended on the animal age. The research result could be used in perspective to enlarge knowledge about the digestive process in an omnivorous animal of the wolf pack. These animals have a more or less flexible microbiome, which has several variants of normal composition. There predominated lactic acid bacteria in the microbial communities of the dogs’ intestines, which consumed feed that contained coarse dietary fibers. In its turn, lactic acid bacteria reduced the number of Fusobacteriota.

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