ANATOMICAL AND TOPOGRAPHIC JUSTIFICATION OF ACCESS TO THE PELVIC BONES BY OSTEOTOMY OF THE LARGE TROCHANTER OF THE FEMUR IN DOGS

Quite often, a veterinarian in daily practice is faced with the need for access to the pelvic bones during surgical intervention of various pathologies of this area in dogs and cats. Dogs with severe pelvic injuries received as a result of an accident, falls from a height or under other circumstances are regularly admitted to veterinary clinics in St. Petersburg. Very often, radiography reveals fractures of the iliac body, intra-articular fractures of the articular cavity of the pelvis of varying complexity and localization, fractures of the concave branch of the sciatic bone. Also, in young animals, cases of developmental disorders (dysplasia) of the hip joints are common, requiring correction of angles in the pelvic bones by osteotomy. The purpose of the study is to study and provide anatomical and topographic justification for access to pelvic bones by osteotomy of the great trochanter of the femur during osteosynthesis of fractures of the body of the pubis, intra–articular fractures of the articular cavity of the pelvis, acetabular branch of the sciatic bone, sciatic spine, combined fractures of the listed structures. The work on the study was carried out on the material and technical base of the network of veterinary clinics "TrustVet" and at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education. As a result of our research, we were convinced that performing access through osteotomy of the great trochanter of the femur allows us to significantly atraumatic for the gluteal muscles, piriformis muscles, rotator muscles, as well as for vessels and nerves to find an approach to the hip joint, the iliac body, the hollow branch of the sciatic bone. This access provides the greatest comfort, convenience and safety when manipulating surgical treatment objects in an operating wound. Consolidation of the osteotomy line was completed in all cases after 3-5 weeks. In no case did such complications develop as: failure of the metal structure and subsequent diastasis of the great trochanter of the femur, contracture of the muscles of the gluteal or posterior femoral groups, neurological deficiency, bleeding, formation of seromas and other complications.

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