Pathogenesis of feline panleukopenia and prognosis of septic complications on the SAPS scale

The article presents the results of studies of cats with panleukopenia conducted at the Department of Epizootology and Organization of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Scriabin" and at the "Zoomedic" Veterinary Clinic in Moscow. The aim of the study was to introduce automated SAPS scoring methods to predict the outcome of the disease based on the detection of hematological and biochemical changes in the blood of diseased cats. For the study, observations and assessment of physiological and biochemical changes were carried out based on laboratory data from cats with pancreas (n=10). The diagnosis was made comprehensively, taking into account anamnestic, clinical and laboratory data (PCR tests for the presence of panleukopenia virus). Panleukopenia can often lead to complications and death of animals, therefore, timely prediction of possible septic processes based on various data at an early stage is relevant. Clinically healthy animals (n=10) were used as a comparison group. Violation of the adequate response of the immune system to pathogens leads to multi factorial pathological changes in the animal's body and is accompanied by fever and depression, as well as changes in the function of blood cells, such as a decrease in platelet count, erythrocytopenia, changes in hematocrit and leukoformula, which is associated with the development of an inflammatory reaction. When assessing the biochemical parameters of blood serum, we found an increase in alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and changes in urea and bilirubin levels associated with inflammation, intoxication, and dehydration. The pathogenesis is based on the imbalance between intense inflammation and immune response. The development of secondary immunodeficiency leads to various abnormalities. Correlation and regression analysis confirmed the reliability and significance of SAPS scores. A direct correlation was found between the studied traits ("Total SAPS scale score – disease outcome"), and the relationship between them was statistically significant (P=0.046075). The lethality of cats in our study amounted to 40%.

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