Interleukins IL-1b and IL-10 as biomarkers for assessing the severity of the inflammatory process in infectious cow mastitis

Infectious mastitis in lactating cows is a common disease causing significant economic damage. When studying the problem of infectious mastitis, the greatest interest is in assessing changes in the immunological parameters of milk and blood of cows during the occurrence and development of the inflammatory process in the udder, which is necessary to predict the further course of the disease. Timely diagnosis and prediction of the course of the inflammatory process during infectious mastitis can significantly reduce the economic damage caused. The purpose of the study is to study interleukin 1ẞ and interleukin 10 and their ratio as diagnostic biomarkers for assessing the severity of infectious mastitis. Analysis of the literature data and the data we obtained during the study revealed that the concentration of interleukin 1ẞ and interleukin 10 in cow's milk can serve as a biomarker for assessing
the severity of infectious mastitis. To conduct the research, three groups of lactating cows were formed. Each group included 4 animals, the groups were formed depending on the form of infectious mastitis - a group of healthy cows, cows with subclinical and cows with clinical purulent mastitis. The average concentrations of IL-1ẞ in the milk of cows with clinical mastitis that we obtained exceed the concentration of IL-1ẞ in the milk of healthy cows by 3.3 times, and those of cows with subclinical mastitis by 3.7 times. The concentration of IL-10 in milk of cows with subclinical mastitis is 1.2 times higher than that of healthy animals, and the level of cows with clinical mastitis is 2.7 times higher than that of cows with subclinical mastitis. For the first time, data have been obtained on the possibility of using the IL-1β/IL-10 ratio to predict the course of infectious mastitis. According to the data obtained, when the IL-1ẞ/IL-10 ratio in milk is 1.8 or more, infectious mastitis acquires a chronic relapsing course.

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