The sap of horses in European printed sources of the 17th century
https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2025.3.23
Abstract
Glanders is an infectious disease of horses and other single-hoofed animals from the equine family; some other animals may also be affected. Glanders may manifest itself in nasal, pulmonary and cutaneous forms. The course of the disease may be acute or chronic. The aim of the study was to identify ideas about the occurrence and treatment of glanders in the 17th century, according to information from printed sources of that time in English and Spanish. The materials for the study were printed sources of the 17th century in English and Spanish, which contain information about the diagnosis, etiology, pathogenesis and methods of combating glanders in horses. During the study, we found that all the sources studied mentioned glanders, most often dedicated to it in separate chapters. Most authors refer to knowledge obtained from antiquity in chapters on glanders, and describe glanders as a “very bad disease”, “a disease that is unlikely to be cured” (malleus from the Greek malis - bad, evil). Glanders was mainly the nasal form of the disease, the pulmonary and cutaneous forms are described in some sources under the guise of other diseases with an indefinite chapter title. Obviously, glanders were often confused with myt and African glanders. The main cause of glanders was considered to be either "bad" water or contact with sick animals. "Humors" were considered to be the causes of glanders. Among the main methods of treatment described in printed sources of the 17th century, bloodletting, the use of local remedies, and "panacea" remedies were described.
About the Authors
M. V. Vinokhodova
St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
PhD of Veterinary Sciences, Assistant Professor, Department of Organization, Economics and Management of Veterinary Affairs
A. I. Yaroshchuk
St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
PhD of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Organization, Economics and Management of Veterinary Affairs
R. H. Baraev
St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Department of Organization, Economics and Management of Veterinary Affairs
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For citations:
Vinokhodova M.V., Yaroshchuk A.I., Baraev R.H. The sap of horses in European printed sources of the 17th century. International Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2025;(3):23-36. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2025.3.23
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