Morphometric parameters of chicken erythrocytes under the influence of Enrofloxacin in vitro: dose-dependent effect

Fluoroquinolone drugs can affect the cells of the mammalian and avian body. One of the key mechanisms of this effect is the ability of fluoroquinolones to induce oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species, which can lead to damage to cellular structures. The study investigated the effects of various concentrations of enrofloxacin on morphometric parameters of erythrocytes from «Hisex Brown» chickens in vitro. Enrofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibits not only antibacterial properties but can also induce oxidative stress leading to cellular structural damage. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture and stabilized with heparin. Erythrocytes were incubated in test solutions for 60 seconds, followed by preparation of blood smears on degreased slides. Romanowsky-Giemsa stained smears were used to measure major and minor axes of cells and their nuclei. Changes in erythrocyte volume, surface area, and nuclearcytoplasmic ratio were evaluated following exposure to enrofloxacin at concentrations of 0.05%, 50 μl/l, 5 μl/l, 0.5 μl/l, and 0.3 μl/l. Control groups included erythrocytes in autologous plasma and isotonic saline (0.93% NaCl) without enrofloxacin. Enrofloxacin induced dose-dependent alterations in erythrocyte morphology. The most significant increases in cell volume (>20%) and surface area (14%) were observed at concentrations of 5 μl/l and 0.05%. The therapeutic dose (0.3 μl/l) produced less pronounced changes (11% increase in volume, 7% in surface area). The paradoxical reduction of effect at higher concentration (50 μl/ l) may be attributed to the nonlinear doseresponse toxicity characteristic of fluoroquinolones. The 23% decrease in nuclearcytoplasmic ratio observed at 0.1% and 10 μl/l concentrations was primarily due to cellular swelling.

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