Study of the complex preventive agent effectiveness against combined mycotoxicosis

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that contaminate food at the field or during storage. These metabolites reduce the productivity of animals, increase the susceptibility to infectious and parasitic diseases and cause reproductive pathologies, leading to huge economic losses. The present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of mycotoxins (T-2 toxin, aflatoxin B1, zearalenone) on growth indicators, the state of mineral metabolism, serum lipid profile, the mass of organs of white rats and the presence of DNA damage, as well as the potential use of a prophylactic mixture (PS), which includes galloisite, methionine, beta-glucans, milk thistle meal. White rats (n = 40) weighing 150-170 g were divided into four groups of 10 rats each and used to study the effects of mycotoxins for three weeks. The first group of rats served as a biological control. The second and fourth food groups were given aflatoxin B1, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone. The rats of the 4th group, in addition to the toxic diet, received PS in a dose of 0.25% of the diet; the third group - 0.25% PS in addition to the main diet.
The results showed that exposure to mycotoxins causes mortality, reduces body weight gain, increases the absolute weight of the liver, kidneys and spleen, the content of inorganic phosphate, triglycerides, cholesterol, and low density lipoproteins, reduces the amount of total calcium and high density lipoproteins. The genotoxic effect of the studied mycotoxins was revealed by the method of horizontal electrophoresis. It was shown that the inclusion of PS in the diet reduced the degree of DNA damage, and also reduced or eliminated the adverse effects of aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and T-2 toxin.

1. Арутюнян, Т.А. Оценка генотоксических эффектов группы микотоксинов in vivo методом ДНК-комет / Т.А. Арутюнян, Р.М. Арутюнян, Г.Г. Оганесян [и др.] // Медикобиологические и социально-психологические проблемы безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях. - 2013.- № 2. –С. 63-66.

2. ГОСТ 34100.1-2017/ ISO/ IEC Guide 98-1:2009. Неопределенность измерения. Введение в руководства по выражению неопределенности измерения. М.: Стандартинформ. - 2018. - 28 с.

3. ГОСТ Р 8.736-2011. Государственная система обеспечения единства измерений (ГСИ). Измерения прямые многократные. Методы обработки результатов измерений. Основные положения. М.: Стандартинформ. - 2013. - 24 с.

4. Макаева, А.Р. Мониторинг питательной ценности и химической безопасности основных кормов республики татарстан по результатам исследований, выполненных в 2019 году / А.Р. Макаева, О.В. Шлямина, И.М. Фицев // Бутлеровские сообщения. - 2020. - Т.62. - №4. - С. 123-128.

5. Танасева, С.А. Эффективность адсорбентов при сочетанном микотоксикозе цыплятбройлеров / С.А. Танасева, Е.Ю. Тарасова, Л.Е. Матросова [и др.] //Международный вестник ветеринарии. - 2020. - №4. -С. 50-56.

6. Тарасова, Е.Ю. Изучение сорбционной активности потенциальных средств профилактики микотоксинов в отношении афлатоксинов / Е.Ю. Тарасова, Э.И. Семенов. Л.Е. Матросова [и др.] // Ветеринарный врач. – 2020. -№2. – С. 51-58.

7. Тарасова, Е.Ю. Нанотрубки галлуазита - новое эффективное средство для борьбы с микотоксикозами / Тарасова Е.Ю., Семенов Э.И., Матросова Л.Е., М.И. Канин // Научная жизнь. - 2020. -Т.15. - №4(104). -С. 561-571.

8. Тарасова, Е.Ю. Изучение сорбционной активности нанотрубок галлуазита по отношению к зеараленону и охратоксину А / Е.Ю. Тарасова // Вестник Марийского государственного университета. Серия «Сельскохозяйственные науки. Экономические науки». - 2021. -Т. 7. -№ 1. -С. 71–76.

9. Тремасов, М.Я. Микотоксины - реальная угроза продовольственной безопасности / М.Я. Тремасов, А.В. Иванов, Е.Ю. Тарасова // Вестник ветеринарии. - 2013. - № 2 (65). -С. 78-80.

10. Ali Rajput, S. Ameliorative effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on growth performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, biochemical constituents, liver histopathology and aflatoxin residues in broilers exposed to aflatoxin B1 / S. Ali Rajput, L. Sun, N. Zhang [et al.] // Toxins. – 2017. - № 9. –Р. 371.

11. Assumaidaee, A.A.M. Synbiotic (poultrystar® sol) protects rat liver from oxidoreductive stress induced by T2-mycotoxicity / A.A.M. Assumaidaee, N.M. Ali, Z.O. Ibraheem // Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. – 2020. - №11(4). - Р. 456-467.

12. Buffone, G.J. Isolation of DNA from biological specimens without extraction with phenol / G.J.Buffone, G.J.Darlington // Clinical chemistry. – 1985. - № 31(1). - 164-165.

13. Chen, X.X. Zearalenone altered the serum hormones, morphologic and apoptotic measurements of genital organs in post-weaning gilts / X.X. Chen, C.W. Yang, L.B. Huang [et al.] // AsianAustralas. J. Anim. Sci. -2015.-№28 (2). -Р. 171. 14.Dazuk, V. Laying hens fed mycotoxincontaminated feed produced by Fusarium fungi (T -2 toxin and fumonisin B1) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae lysate: Impacts on poultry health, productive efficiency, and egg quality / V. Dazuk, M.M. Boiago, G. Rolim [et al.] // Microbial Pathogenesis. –2020. -№149. –104517.

14. Fernandez, A. Variations of clinical biochemical parameters of laying hens and broiler chickens fed aflatoxin containing feed / A. Fernandez, M.T. Verde, M. Gascon [et al.] // Avian Pathol. -1994. -№23. –Р. 37–47.

15. Lee, J.T. Mycotoxin-contaminated diets and deactivating compound in laying hens: Effects on performance characteristics and relative organ weight / J.T. Lee, K.A. Jessen, R. Beltran [et al.] // Poultry Science. –2012. - №91(9). – Р. 2089-2095.

16. Lee, J.T. Mycotoxin-contaminated diets and deactivating compound in laying hens:Effects on performance characteristics and relative organ weight / J.T. Lee, K.A. Jessen, R. Beltran [et al.] // Poultry Science. – 2012. - №91(9). – Р. 2089-2095.

17. Ling, A. Individual and combined cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin and its four metabolites on porcine Leydig cells / A. Ling, L.Sun, W.Guo [et al.] // Food Chem. Toxicol. – 2020. -V.139. - 111277.

18. Lu, X. Integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabonomics profiles in aflatoxin b1-induced hepatotoxicity in rat / X. Lu, B. Hu, L. Shao [et al.] // Food Chem. Toxicol. – 2013. -№55. – Р. 444–455.

19. Perret, B. Hepatic lipase structure/function relationship, synthesis, and regulation / B. Perret, L. Mabile, L. Martinez [et al.] // Lipid Res. – 2002. - №43. –Р. 1163–1169.

20. Rashidi, N. Effects of licorice extract, probiotic, toxin binder and poultry litter biochar on performance, immune function, blood indices and liver histopathology of broilers exposed to aflatoxin-B1 / N. Rashidi, A. Khatibjoo, K. Taherpour [et al.] // Poultry Science. – 2020. - №99(11). – Р. 5896-5906.

21. Rogowska, A. A study of zearalenonebiosorption and metabolisation by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells / A. Rogowska, P. Pomastowski, K. Rafińska [et al.] // Toxicon. – 2019. - V. 169. - Р. 81–90.

22. Rotimi, O.A. Acute aflatoxin B1 – induced hepatotoxicity alters gene expression and disrupts lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in rats / O.A. Rotimi, S.O. Rotimi, C.U. Duru // Toxicology Reports. – 2017. -№4. – Р. 408-414.

23. Shannon, T. The efficacy of raw and concentrated bentonite clay in reducing the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broiler chicks / T. Shannon, D. Ledoux, G. Rottinghaus [et al.] // Poult. Sci. – 2017. - №96. – Р. 1651–1658.

24. Theumera, M.G. Subchronic mycotoxicoses in Wistar rats: Assessment of the in vivo and in vitro genotoxicity induced by fumonisins and aflatoxin B1, and oxidative stress biomarkers status / M.G. Theumera // Toxicology. – 2018. - V. 268. Р. 104-110.

25. Ungurianu, A. Lipoprotein redox status evaluation as a marker of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with inflammatory disease / A. Ungurianu, D. Margină, D. Gr ădinaru // Mol. Med. Rep. – 2017. - №15. – Р. 256–262.

26. Virk, P. Protective effect of resveratrol against toxicity induced by the mycotoxin,