Antibiotic resistance and alternative methods of prevention and control of bacterial infections

The focus of clinical microbiology is on the problems of the emergence, spread and evolution of microbial resistance to antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance is evaluating as one of the significant threats to humanity and livestock in the 21st century. This is due to the fact of the slowdown of the development of new antimicrobial drugs, there for increasing the antibiotic resistance and the emergence the pan-resistant strains of microbes. Currently, the problem of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria has reached alarming proportions, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of therapy for bacterial infections and the necessity to use more expensive drugs. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial strains is one of the most serious threats to modern veterinary medicine and health care, which has arisen as a result of uncontrolled, and in some cases unreasonable use of antibiotics in agriculture and medicine. Common bacterial infections may become incurable in the future, resulting in mass diseases among the population and animals. The seriousness of the current situation has prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to compile a list of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, the spread of which poses the greatest threat. The WHO initiative aimed to draw the attention of all interested organizations, including research organizations, pharmaceutical companies and government agencies, to solving the problem of the growing resistance of microbes to antibiotics. The solution to the problem can be found in the development of clear, scientifically based rules for the use of antibiotics and the search for alternative drugs. The article provides an overview of the main causes of the development of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms, as well as brief information on the most interesting approaches to the creation of new antibacterial agents and analyzes the most promising of them (vaccination, probiotics, phage therapy, immunostimulants, technological prevention, etc.).

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