Anatomical and topographic features of the veins of the pig's finger joints

Abstract

Damage or pathology of the venous bed in the area of the finger joints can lead to the development of edema, trophic disorders, secondary inflammatory processes and, as a result, lameness, which significantly reduces the mobility of animals and their productivity in industrial pig farming. A fundamental understanding of the relationship between the vascular system and the musculoskeletal system makes it possible to predict the consequences of injuries, infections, or circulatory disorders: for example, compression of veins in case of mechanical damage or deformity of the hoof horn can provoke tissue ischemia, tendon necrosis, or bone destruction, which requires urgent surgical interventions. The aim of the study was to establish the anatomical and topographic features of the veins of the finger joints in a Yorkshire pig and to determine the morphometric parameters. Cadaveric material for the study was delivered to the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State Pedagogical University from the pig breeding complex of the Leningrad region. The study was conducted according to the periodization of pig life: the third stage of development is the second milk stage (22-45 days of the postnatal period). The study used newborn piglets for 28-30 days of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. 10 pelvic limbs obtained from five Yorkshire pigs were examined. During the study, anatomical and topographic features of the veins of the finger joints in a Yorkshire pig were established and morphometric parameters were determined. Knowledge of the anatomical and topographic features of the veins of the joints of the fingers of the pelvic limb in pigs is necessary to understand their physiological role in maintaining hemodynamics, tissue trophism and adaptation to stress. The venous system of this area provides not only blood outflow, counteraction to venous stagnation during prolonged static load, as well as drainage of metabolites from actively working muscles and joint structures. In addition, the variability of the anatomy of venous collaterals and their connection with deep and superficial circulatory systems necessitate an individual approach to surgery, therapy, and prevention of complications.