A retrospective analysis of the epizootic situation of infectious diseases of animals and birds in the territory Irkutsk region in the period from 2015 to 2023

Maintaining the stable well-being of the country's livestock industry with respect to infectious disease epizootics is a crucial task for veterinary science and practice. It is of paramount importance in protecting the health and lives of animals and humans, providing the population with environmentally safe food products, and providing industry with high-quality raw materials. Antiepidemic measures should be developed taking into account the epizootic situation, obtained through the analysis of long-term data on the development of the epizootic process for each infectious disease in a specific area. We conducted a retrospective analysis of infectious pathologies in animals and birds based on an assessment of the epizootic situation and the scope of preventive measures in the region. Statistical processing of the data was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. To measure the epizootic manifestations of individual nosological forms and the nosological profile, we determined the population boundaries of the epizootic process and determined the incidence rate (the ratio of the number of sick animals to the total number of susceptible animals of the corresponding species, %; for birds, 0/0000). The study subjects were cattle, small ruminants, horses, pigs, and poultry. The volume of analyzed data on the diagnostics of infectious diseases of animals and birds for 2015-2023 amounted to 11,736,393 studies (cattle – 8,731,847, small ruminants – 597,365, horses – 639,947, pigs – 288,400, and poultry – 1,478,834). The structure of infectious diseases of animals was established, the leading nosological entities were: leukemia in cattle (1.49±0.25%, r=-0.943; p≤0.01), listeriosis in small ruminants, leptospirosis in horses and pigs (0.16±0.052%, r=0.14, p≤0.01 and 0.01±0.004%, r=0.09, respectively). In birds, the most common are Newcastle disease and Marek's disease.

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