The epizootic situation of anthrax and necrobacteriosis of reindeer in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the epizootic situation concerning anthrax and necrobacillosis in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) over an extended period from 1890 to 2014. The research incorporates data from long-term veterinary monitoring, archival materials, and field studies, encompassing disease dynamics, geographical distribution, and factors influencing the circulation of these dangerous pathogens. The results demonstrate the persistent endemicity of anthrax in the region, particularly among reindeer populations. During the study period, major disease outbreaks were recorded, with the most significant occurring in 1969, 1980, and 1993. Of particular epidemiological concern are unaccounted animal burial sites - of 285 registered anthrax burial grounds, only 75 have precisely identified locations. Spatial distribution analysis reveals distinct zonal patterns of epizootic activity, with highest risk in forest-tundra and mountainous areas. Parallel investigation of necrobacillosis epidemiology shows this disease causes substantial economic losses to reindeer husbandry. Over the last five years of observation, 48,138 cases were recorded with a 19.8% mortality rate. A clear seasonal pattern was established, with peak incidence in July-August correlating with activity periods of blood-sucking insects as potential disease vectors. The study demonstrates that systematic vaccination using modern preparations significantly reduces disease incidence. However, challenges persist regarding hard-to-reach areas and insufficient vaccination coverage of wild animal populations. These findings have important practical implications for developing sciencebased control measures against zoonotic infections in Arctic regions.

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