Comparative analysis of the course and branching of the safena vein in sables in the age aspect

Of particular importance are the issues of the dynamics of linear growth and the development of structures of the musculoskeletal system in the process of locomotion. One of the key conclusions of these studies was the establishment of a pattern of postnatal ontogenesis, according to which bones and muscles demonstrate more intensive growth and development in the proximal parts of the limbs (for example, in the area of the stylopodium) compared with the distal (autopodium). This feature is directly related to biomechanics: it is the proximal segments that carry the greatest load, generating the main driving force. The vascular system is an integral and adaptive component of the entire motor system. From a clinical point of view, a thorough knowledge of the topography of the skeleton, muscles and, most importantly, neurovascular bundles of the pelvic limb are translated from the theoretical plane into a purely practical one. This knowledge is absolutely necessary when planning and conducting surgical interventions, from osteosynthesis for fractures and arthroplasty to vascular suture and amputations, where an error in identifying the structure can lead to severe complications such as bleeding, ischemia or impaired innervation. The aim of the study was to establish the course and branching of the safena vein in Black Pushkin sables in the age aspect, and to conduct a comparative analysis of the topographic and morphometric features of this vessel. The objects for this study were the corpses of a black Pushkin sable of two age groups. As a result of the study, it was found that the small vein of safena is the main collector of venous blood from the distal parts of the pelvic limb, forming an extensive network with anastomoses on the dorsal and plantar surfaces of the foot. Morphometric data demonstrate a clear positive age dynamics of the diameter of both veins. Over the period from 15-20 to 36-40 months, the diameter of the lateral vein of safena increases by 1.67 times, and the medial vein by 1.73 times, which indicates the continued development and adaptation of the cardiovascular system to increasing functional loads in adult animals.

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