Assessment of genetic diversity, indicators productive qualities and reproductive capacity of Holstein cattle according to the SELP_ₑₓ₈ gene

The study is devoted to assessing the effect of SELPₑₓ₈ gene polymorphism (Val475Met) on genetic parameters, productive and reproductive performance of Holstein cattle. The SELPₑₓ₈ gene encoding Pselectin, plays a key role in immune and inflammatory processes, and is also involved in the formation of reproductive function. The research involved genotyping 258 cows from the Lenin Breeding Farm Integrated Agricultural Production Center (IAPC), and 67 sires of the Parent breeding enterprise Elite (SC GPP), Vysokogorsky District, Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of identification, it was found that the G allele predominates in both tested groups: 0.835 and 0.791 in cows and bulls, respectively. Genotype distribution among cows was: GG - 69.0%, GA - 29.1 and AA - 1.9 %. No AA genotypes were detected in bulls, with GG at 58.2% and GA at 41.8% Association analysis demonstrated that AA genotype animals achieved record milk yields but showed elevated somatic cell counts, reduced fertility, and shorter period of economic use. GA genotype animals exhibited significantly (p ≤ 0.05…0.01) higher milk fat and protein content (both percentage and yield), along with superior reproductive performance and longevity compared to other genotypes. The obtained data highlight the potential of the SELPₑₓ₈ gene as a genetic marker for selection programs aimed at improving the health, productivity and longevity of dairy cattle. The study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment, registration number 125031003428-9.

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