Zoohygienic quality assessment of goats milk of various breeds

Abstract

In recent years, an increase in consumer interest in goat milk has been recorded in Russia and the world, as it has a more complete composition and is better suited for nutrition of the elderly and the creation of baby food. Therefore, an increase in the production of goat milk in modern animal husbandry in Russia is acquiring significant rise against a background of great breed diversity. The protein content in goats of the German white and Alpine breeds was almost at the same level of 2.86-2.90%, which is 0.11-0.15% lower in goats of the Anglo-Nubian breed. The concentration of lactose in the milk of goats in the Belgorod region ranged from 4.33 to 4.55%. The highest rate was observed in goats of the Anglo-Nubian breed. The highest fat content was found in goats of the Anglo-Nubian breed, which was 2.62%, which is 0.38% more than the goats of the German white breed and 0.56% more (p<0.05) than the alpine breed. The high calcium content was found in goats of the German white breed (169.8 mg/100g), which is 1.8 times higher (p<0.001) than in the dairy herd of the Alpine breed. The number of somatic cells was the smallest in the German white breed (271 thousand/cm3) and the Anglo-Nubian breed (301 thousand/cm3), which was significantly (p<0.001) lower than in the Alpine breed (477 thousand/cm3). On the rennet test, the best cheese suitability of milk was found in goats of the Anglo-Nubian breed, on fermentation and rennet-fermentation - in goats of the Alpine breed. When staging the rennet, the best results were obtained from goats of the Anglo-Nubian breed (milk from 40% of the animals belonged to class 2), and the worst from goats of the German white and alpine breeds (25% belonged to class 2). According to the rennet fermentation test, the best results were observed for Alpine goats - 50% of the milk received belonged to Grade 1, and the worst were observed in Anglo-Nubian goats -83% of the milk received, belonged to Grade 3.